上文献: Mianzi describes the desire to maintain social standing. Individuals perceive their standing in a social context and behave in a way that will preserve it (i.e., to save face). Causing others to lose face in a social situation is undesirable behavior.
但是面子也有好处。 作为文化norm, 有助于群体的和谐和协作, 进而有利于生存。因为面子规范了成员之间的交往模式,减低摩擦。