宫外孕 – 英语长句一个有趣的结构

宫外孕 – 英语长句一个有趣的结构

(翻译札记2)

英语长句中有不少以which为关联词的定语从句。如果只有一个定语从句,无论是原文还是译文大都可以放到与被修饰的名词最近的地方。如:He gave me the book which was bought by my brother. 他把我弟弟买的那本书给了我。但是,有时定语从句非常多,母句套子句,子句套孙句,大有子子孙孙没有穷尽的气势,结果给翻译带来很大困难。我把这种从句过多的句子戏称为“宫外孕”,也就是真正的实质性内容被甩到主句之外。在翻译时可顺水推舟,你宫外孕,我就宫外产。像下面这个句子很长,但主句其实就是个普通的简单句,与我上面列举的那个单一定语从句没有本质区别。

He anticipates the applause and admiration which in this case would be bestowed upon him, and he applauds and admires himself by sympathy with sentiments, which do not indeed actually take place, but which the ignorance of the public alone hinders from taking place, which he knows are the natural and ordinary effects of such conduct, which his imagination strongly connects with it, and which he has acquired a habit of conceiving as something that naturally and in propriety ought to follow from it.

He anticipates the applause and admiration which in this case would be bestowed upon him, and he applauds and admires himself by sympathy with sentiments, 是主句。其后的5个which定语从句都是修饰sentiments的。如果这5个定语从句都像我上述例句那样宫内孕式的翻译,那怎么得了?非得把孕妇肚子撑爆不可。与鉴于此,不妨先简简单单地把主句说清楚,接下来有条不紊,悠然自得地一一讲来。试译如下:

他期待着在这种情况下将会得到的赞扬与钦佩,他带着某些情感,以同情之心来赞扬和钦佩自己,而这些情感的确并没有实际产生,而且仅仅是因为公众的不知情才没有产生, 他自己也知道这些情感是行为产生的既自然又普通的结果,而且与自己的想象紧密相关,他已经习以为常地将它们看成是应该来自行为的自然而得体的情感。

翻译中最关键的一点就是,我把sentiments先翻译成某些情感,这个“某些”就是定语从句的伏笔,读者会自然要了解这“某些”究竟是“哪些”,于是被引领到主句后面去了解详情。

2009年2月23日

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