Their salary structures don’t differ too much in the first year of employment. In their first year, doctors will roughly get 4,000 Euro/month, and after 3-5 years this can grow to more than 5,000 Euro/month before tax (3,4). With additional training towards a specialist (Facharzt) a doctor can start in a university hospital at around 5,600 Euro/month, increasing to a maximum of less than 7,000 Euro/month in 12 years (3,4).
Tax and other deductions are traditionally very high in Germany (approximately 40%). To give an idea, if you have an annual salary of 41,000 Euro, you will earn about 2,000 Euro/month after tax and other deductions.
Note that in Germany, only head physicians can negotiate their salaries. About 40% of head physicians earn between 125,000 and 400,000 Euro/year on average (3). They can make more money, if they are allowed to have privately insured patients. However, it is hard to get there and new contracts are not as good anymore as they used to be.