Hantaviruses are a family of viruses primarily transmitted to humans by rodents
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS): Predominantly found in the Americas, this is a severe respiratory disease that can cause the lungs to fill with fluid. It has a high fatality rate of approximately 35% to 40%.
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS): Primarily occurring in Europe and Asia, this syndrome affects the kidneys and can cause internal bleeding
· Early Symptoms: Fever, fatigue, and muscle aches (especially in the thighs, hips, and back).
· Late Symptoms (HPS): Coughing and shortness of breath as the lungs fill with fluid.
· Transmission: Most people are infected by breathing in tiny airborne particles from rodent urine, droppings, or saliva. It can also be spread through rodent bites or by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching your face.
疫苗
there is no approved vaccine for hantavirus available in the United States or the European Union.
· mRNA Vaccines (Moderna): Moderna confirmed they have been researching hantavirus vaccines in collaboration with U.S. military scientists and Korea University. This research is currently in the preclinical stage, meaning it has not yet entered human testing.
· Andes Virus Vaccine (University of Bath): A team at the University of Bath is developing a completely new vaccine specifically targeting the ANDV strain. It has shown positive results in animal models and is expected to move toward Phase 1 human trials in late 2026.
· DNA Vaccines: Researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and the U.S. Army are testing DNA-based shots that have shown promise in early trials but are still years away from FDA approval.
China has several inactivated vaccines approved for domestic use.
Crucial Prevention Tips
Hantavirus is typically contracted through airborne particles from rodent waste. Prevention centers on three main steps: Seal Up, Trap Up, and Clean Up.
1. Safe Cleanup (Crucial)
If you find rodent droppings or nests, do not sweep or vacuum them, as this kicks the virus into the air where you can breathe it in.
- Ventilate: Open doors and windows for at least 30 minutes before you begin cleaning.
- Wet Down: Spray the area with a 10% bleach solution (1 part bleach to 9 parts water) or a disinfectant. Let it soak for 5 minutes before wiping it up with paper towels.
- Protective Gear: Always wear rubber or plastic gloves. For heavily infested areas like sheds or barns, a mask (N95 or better) and eye protection are highly recommended.
2. Rodent-Proofing Your Space
- Seal Openings: Check for any gaps or holes larger than a pencil (1/4 inch) and seal them with cement, metal, or wood.
- Store Food: Keep human and pet food in thick plastic, glass, or metal containers with tight lids.
- Maintain Outdoor Areas: Keep woodpiles and debris at least 100 feet away from your home to discourage nesting.
3. Tips for Hikers and Campers
- Avoid Bare Ground: Sleep in a tent with a floor or on a cot at least 12 inches off the ground.
- Check Shelters: Before using a cabin or backcountry shelter, air it out and look for signs of rodent activity. If it's infested, avoid sleeping there.
