2004-2008年期间，研究人员在全国十个不同地区招募了超过50万名中国人。参与者完成了详细的问卷调查面试，接受了身体测量和血液检查，随后跟踪健康情况七年。
在研究开始时没有糖尿病的人中，与从未或很少消费新鲜水果的人相比，日常消费新鲜水果的人患糖尿病的相对风险降低了12％。
在研究开始之前已经患有糖尿病的人中，每星期吃新鲜水果超过三天比少于一天的人总的死亡风险降低了17％，发生糖尿病并发症的风险降低了13％-28％。
在研究开始之前已经患有糖尿病的人中，每星期吃新鲜水果超过三天比少于一天的人总的死亡风险降低了17％，发生糖尿病并发症的风险降低了13％-28％。
这个研究结果表明摄入新鲜水果可能有益于预防糖尿病。对于糖尿病人，不应鼓励限制吃新鲜水果。
Fig 1. Adjusted hazard ratios for incident diabetes and all-cause mortality among those with diabetes at baseline, by fresh fruit consumption.(A) Incident diabetes; (B) all-cause mortality among those with diabetes at baseline. Analyses were stratified by age at risk, sex, and region and were adjusted for education, income, alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, survey season, BMI, family history of diabetes, and intakes of dairy products, meat, and preserved vegetables. The black boxes represent the hazard ratios (HRs), with the size inversely proportional to the variance of the log HRs, and the vertical lines represent the 95% confidence intervals. The values above the vertical lines are the point estimates of the HRs, and the values below them are the numbers of cases.
Fig 2. Adjusted hazard ratios for selected cause-specific mortality by fresh fruit consumption among 30,300 participants with diabetes at baseline.Mortality from (A) diabetes, (B) cardiovascular disease, and (C) other causes. Conventions as in Fig 1. Baseline status for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and anti-diabetic treatment were also adjusted for. HR, hazard ratio.
