it used in the context of “black hat” and “white hat” business practices, such as SEO website boosting techniques. Black hat may not be criminal, but it is definitely a violation of regulations. If you’re caught, your site may be blacklisted or banned (not just given a ranking penalty. Grey hat is borderline - risky tactics that may get banned. White hat is keeping your nose clean, obeying the rules.
In this context, “Once you go black, you never go back,” means not to trust someone who’s ways of doing things have been illicit - that there is no such thing as a reformed bad guy. (I don’t believe that, by the way.)