【语法补补课】 独立主格结构 （含 with结构）（ZT)

独立主格结构

此独立形式只是一个小短语，而不是主谓完整的简单句，又称之为独立分词构句。当分词意义上的主语不是主句的主语时，必须在分词前保留意义上的主语，否则语意不通。（定义有点费解，多看几遍）

示例：

Being ill in bed, I can't go to school.

Mother being ill in bed, I can't go to school.

（1） 独立主结构形式可用以表时间，理由，条件，伴随状态等

He lay on the grass, the sun shining upon him.

= He lay on the grass, and the sun was shining upon him.

 

Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.

= If weather permits, I'll start tomorrow.

 

School being over, the boys went home.

= When school was over, the boys went home.

 

The sun having set, we arrived at the station.

= After the sun had set, we arrived at the station.

 

王牌重点：当独立主格结构的主语表示“一般人”，如：we, one, you时，主语可省略，此用法常用于下列表达方式中：

generally speaking 一般来说

strictly speaking 严格地说

talking of ... 谈到

speaking of ... 说到

judging from ... 由……来判断

taking all things into consideration 把一切都考虑在内

considering ... 考虑到……

 

[示例]：

If we judge from his face, he must be ill.

= Judging from his face, he must be ill.

He has lots of books if we consider that he is young.

= He has lots of books, considering that he is young.

（2）with 复合结构也是独立主格结构形式之一。这种结构在句中作状语（表示原因，方式，伴随等）和定语，作定语时紧随被修饰名词后。

1．with 名词 介词短语：

The woman with a baby on her back is my sister.

The boy rushed into the room, with his schoolbag in his hand.

2．with 名词 adj.

with the door open, he left the classroom.

3．with 名词 adv.

With the gloves off, she felt cold.

With the lights on, the building looks beautiful.

4．with 名词 现在分词（主动）

with 名词 过去分词（被动）

With the guide leading us, we got to the village.

The boy was crying with the vase broken.

5．with 名词 不定式

With the hard work to be done, we have to prepare for it.

转自：http://www.qiewo.com/html/20091115/26675.html

所有跟帖： 

• 贴出“独立主格结构”（含with结构），是希望能把一句话翻译完成得更简洁，漂亮。 -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/28/2011 postreply 18:23:11

• 谢谢美风,今天的一句话翻译确实读得有点费劲. -浮上来冒个小泡- ♀ (191 bytes) () 09/28/2011 postreply 19:00:07

• 泡泡，这个独立主格结构是为了一句话翻译这门课的。你的题出得非常棒!! 喜欢！！ -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/28/2011 postreply 19:11:41

• 先复习一下,再去做题,看有没有进步.~~ 谢谢了! -EnLearner- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/28/2011 postreply 19:53:28

• 我一会儿争取把Idioms的课先补上。 -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/28/2011 postreply 20:01:19

• 学习了“独立主格结构的主语表示“一般人”，如：we, one, you时，主语可省略“ -jennea- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/28/2011 postreply 20:03:25

• 问好jennea。似乎好久不见！ -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/28/2011 postreply 20:04:23

• 前两天刚跟文青耍嘴皮子来着， 你忙没看见～～ -jennea- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/28/2011 postreply 20:14:37

• 呵呵，耍手指头打字。 -非文学青年- ♀ (37 bytes) () 09/28/2011 postreply 23:06:04

• 嗯，一定是the best speeker！ -jennea- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/29/2011 postreply 08:02:25

• 学习了，谢分享。 -斓婷- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/29/2011 postreply 10:33:04

• 谢谢斑竹一直默默无闻的大力支持！！！ -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/29/2011 postreply 17:35:14

• 谢谢美风 -同学小薇- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/29/2011 postreply 17:37:35

• 高兴小薇也觉得有用。 -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/29/2011 postreply 17:41:47