HPV可以通过非性行为转播到其他成人， 儿童， 新生儿， 可以是母婴， 父婴传染， 也可以是其他途径（文献见内）

HPV传染这么广泛，传染途径大概也不是单一的吧。。。  其实有不少文献提示传染途径的多元性。。。

https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jog.13248

综述：33篇文章讨论高和低风险HPV非性传播的可能途径， 包括母婴传染，父婴传染，自身传染（从口腔到生殖器官或反向）， 临床可能传染， 比如经阴道超声的probe很难消毒。。。

High-risk Oncogenic Human Papilloma Virus Infection of the Foreskin and Microbiology of Smegma in Prepubertal Boys. Urology 2015 Aug;86(2):368-372.

100 prepubertal healthy boys of median age of 5.7 years. "High-risk HPV was detected in 9 foreskins (9%). Positive samples showed are HPV16 (n = 3), 31 (n = 2), 39 (n = 3), and 51 (n = 1)."

100 男孩，(中位年龄 5.7岁）9% 小朋友检查看见高风险HPV.

High prevalence of human papillomavirus type 16 infection among children. PS Rice, C Mant, J Cason, JM Bible, P Muir, B Kell, JM Best. J Med Virol 2000 May;61(1):70-75.

In this study in London, 267 healthy children aged 3 to 11 were tested for the presence of HPV DNA in their mouths. HPV DNA was detected in only 45 (16.8%) by less-sensitive generic PCR, while HPV-16 specific nested PCR detected HPV-16 DNA in 138 (51.7%) of the samples. The prevalence of infection was similar regardless of age or sex. Also, in 6/53 (11.3%) of HPV-16 positive samples, reverse transcriptase PCR determined that there was active infection. (HPV-16 is the most common high-risk HPV type.)

Prevalence, genotype distribution and persistence of human papillomavirus in oral mucosa of women: a six-year follow-up study. J Rautava, J Willberg, K Louvanto, L Wideman, K Syrjänen, S Grénman, S Syrjänen. PLoS One 2012;7(8):e42171. 324 pregnant women enrolled in the 3(rd) trimester. "The point prevalence of oral HPV varied from 15% to 24% during the 6-year follow-up. Altogether, 18 HPV genotypes were identified either as single or multiple-type oral infections. HPV16 was the most prevalent type at 9.7%-18.4%, followed by HPV18, HPV6, and multiple infections. Altogether, 74 women had persistent oral HPV infection determined as at least two consecutive samples positive with the same HPV genotype. HPV16 and HPV6 were the two most frequent types to persist (76% and 9%) for a mean of 18.6 and 20.2 months, respectively, followed by multiple infections (8%) for 18.3 months. An increased risk for persistent oral HPV infection with species 7/9 was associated with being seropositive for low-risk (LR)-HPV-types at baseline, whereas the use of oral contraceptives and a second pregnancy during follow-up were protective. Clinical oral lesions were detected in 17% of these women, one-third of whom had persistent oral HPV-infections."

Possible non-sexual modes of transmission of human

papilloma virus

Possible non-sexual modes of transmission of human

papill

 

oma virus

所有跟帖： 

• 台湾的研究：有性经验和没有性经验的年轻女性，HPV感染率没有统计意义上的显著区别。。。 -志在千里- ♀ (4076 bytes) () 03/17/2019 postreply 22:46:19

• 看了城头关于HPV文章下面的评论， 估计文学城网友大概平均年龄起码六十多岁了。 成了老年人网站了。 -DoraDora2008- ♀ (0 bytes) () 03/18/2019 postreply 01:06:37

• . -盘山- ♀ (12 bytes) () 03/18/2019 postreply 06:46:22

• 感染某些HPV病毒是得宫颈癌的必要条件，不是充分条件。其二者相关性大于吸烟与肺癌的相关性。 -虎嗅蔷薇- ♀ (101 bytes) () 03/18/2019 postreply 07:11:53

• . -盘山- ♀ (0 bytes) () 03/18/2019 postreply 07:38:20

• 原来你是这样得出结论的。 -虎嗅蔷薇- ♀ (3075 bytes) () 03/18/2019 postreply 10:40:24

• 赞 X 100 -viewfinder- ♀ (0 bytes) () 03/18/2019 postreply 12:26:18

• . -盘山- ♀ (12 bytes) () 03/18/2019 postreply 13:40:55

• 说到宫颈癌，一个很自然的延伸不就是HPV疫苗是否该打。 -虎嗅蔷薇- ♀ (428 bytes) () 03/18/2019 postreply 14:24:49

• . -盘山- ♀ (0 bytes) () 03/18/2019 postreply 15:01:31

• 看数据因果关系是可信的。 -吃与活- ♂ (2760 bytes) () 03/18/2019 postreply 10:28:02

• 虽然高度相关，但是相关性仍然不等于因果关系。 -医者意也- ♂ (0 bytes) () 03/18/2019 postreply 12:45:34

• . -盘山- ♀ (75 bytes) () 03/18/2019 postreply 13:49:35