请教一个语法问题

For sculpture, the principal materials employed were glass and wrought iron, resulting in sculptural qualities even in architecture.

They used firebombs in several instances, causing heavy property damage.

请教一个语法问题，上面两句中，causing和 resulting in 是动名词，修饰前半句话。请问这个语法结构是什么？怎么样用英语表达这个语法结构？多谢！

所有跟帖： 

• 在这里不是动名词，是分词。present participle. 什么成分我搞不太清。 -妖妖灵- ♀ (148 bytes) () 01/06/2023 postreply 13:43:40

• 分词或形容词短语？ -jianchi9090- ♀ (0 bytes) () 01/06/2023 postreply 16:15:16