对应连续谱的波函数ψE(x),数学上可按狄拉克的δ函数规格化

束缚态与自由态(bound states and free states)

求解定态薛定谔方程时,有两类边界条件分别对应束缚态与自由态(散射态)。

如果粒子在吸引力的作用下运动,势能函数在无限远处为零,则有限远处势能小于零(为负的),此时,如果粒子能量E小于零,则粒子不可能自动跑到无限远处去,它被限制在一定的有限空间范围内运动。描述粒子运动的波函数ψ(x,t)必须适当快地在无限远处趋近于零,使全空间的积分

∫ψ*(x,t)ψ(x,t)d3x

为有限,即ψ(x,t)可以归一化。此时粒子能量E只能取一些离散的数值,形成能级或能带。

如果粒子在吸引力的作用下运动,势能函数在无限远处为零,但粒子能量E大于零,或粒子在排斥力的作用下运动。在这种情况下,粒子有可能到无限远处去,即在无限远处找到粒子的概率不等于零。在无限远处,粒子不受力的作用,因而作自由运动,在无限远处,ψ趋向平面波或球面波,这时积分∫ψ*(x,t)ψ(x,t)d3x是不收敛的,即不能归一化。只要粒子的能量大于无限处的势能(设为零),粒子总能到达无穷远处(遇到势垒,也可穿过),所以自由态的E取连续谱。对应连续谱的波函数ψE(x),数学上可按狄拉克的δ函数规格化

∫ψ*E(xE′(x)d3x=δ(E-E′)

所有跟帖: 

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economist01 Stephen King Mike Dolan macro01 Bretton Woods II. -marketreflections- 给 marketreflections 发送悄悄话 marketreflections 的博客首页 (7375 bytes) () 08/11/2011 postreply 05:29:19

fx01 Robert Sinche The volatility will move on to the equities -marketreflections- 给 marketreflections 发送悄悄话 marketreflections 的博客首页 (23798 bytes) () 08/11/2011 postreply 06:11:55

fx01 Adarsh Sinha When the slowdown spreads to the rest of the w -marketreflections- 给 marketreflections 发送悄悄话 marketreflections 的博客首页 (14248 bytes) () 08/11/2011 postreply 06:22:07

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