Table 2
List of bioactive food components that may influence insulin secretion and diabetes.
| CLASS | BIOACTIVE COMPONENT | DIETARY SOURCES | EFFECT OBSERVED |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flavonoids | Genistein | Soybean, soy products | Insulin secretion ↑ |
| Beta-cell proliferation ↑ | |||
| Beta-cell apoptosis ↓ | |||
| Resveratrol | Grapes, red wine | Insulin secretion ↔ | |
| Beta-cell apoptosis ↓ | |||
| Anthocyanins & Anthocyanidins | Fruit, vegetables | Insulin secretion ↑ | |
| Beta-cell apoptosis ↓ | |||
| Quercetin | Fruit, vegetables | Insulin secretion ↑ | |
| Beta-cell apoptosis ↓ | |||
| Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) | Green tea | Insulin secretion ↑ | |
| Beta-cell apoptosis ↓ | |||
| Vitamins | Vitamin D | Dairy products, fish | Insulin secretion ↑ |
| Beta-cell apoptosis ↔ | |||
| Vitamin A | Vegetables | Insulin secretion ↔ | |
| Vitamin C | Vegetables, fruits | Insulin secretion ↑ | |
| Carotenoids | Lycopene | Tomatoes |