1. Spring bulb means that they will flower in early or mid spring. First you should check the bulbs hardiness to make sure that they can withstand your zone 4 temperature of -30 to -20 degrees Fahrenheit during the winter. If yes, you should plan them around October before the first frost since these bulbs require a chilling period to break the dormancy of the embryonic plant inside the bulb.
2. I would use the planter for planting annuals since your zone is too cold for perennials.
3. Most likely, the bug on your roses is called 'Japanese Beetle'. I use the following. Good luck