几十年来，所有 50 个州都要求父母为他们的孩子接种各种疾病疫苗，包括脊髓灰质炎和麻疹，这是他们进入公立学校的先决条件 [1]。尽管几乎所有州都制定了免疫法规，以免除那些对疫苗有宗教（有时是哲学）反对意见的人的这些要求 [2]，但这些豁免的广泛使用可能会破坏强制性疫苗接种的许多好处，例如保护“牛群”。免疫力”[3]。由于州政府不太可能彻底取消此类豁免，因此社会必须考虑其他方法来为疫苗接种提供激励措施并补偿因社区失去群体免疫力而导致疾病爆发而遭受损失的人。
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2553651/
For decades, all 50 states have required that parents vaccinate their children against various diseases, including polio and measles, as a prerequisite to enrolling them in public schools [1]. While virtually all states have tailored their immunization statutes to exempt those with religious (and sometimes philosophical) objections to vaccines from these requirements [2], widespread use of these exemptions threatens to undermine many of the benefits of mandatory vaccinations, such as preserving “herd immunity” [3]. Since it is unlikely that state governments will eliminate such exemptions outright, society must consider other methods of providing incentives for vaccination and compensating those who have suffered due to a disease outbreak caused by a community’s loss of herd immunity.
