Inactivated (killed) virus vaccines
Similar to attenuated vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines contain whole virus particles, but in this case without live genetic material. The RNA or DNA of the virus is usually destroyed chemically or by heat, leaving the immunogenic elements unaltered. These vaccines elicit an antibody-mediated immune response but usually not a cell-mediated one. This means that, although generally considered safer than live vaccines, the immunity conferred by inactivated vaccines is weaker. Adjuvants – molecules that stimulate the immune system – are often included with inactivated vaccines to give a stronger immune response.
https://www.intvetvaccnet.co.uk/blog/covid-19/vaccine-eight-types-being-tested
科兴疫苗在二期临床总结里说:“我们的研究设计不包括对CD8细胞介质的免疫反应的评估。因为认为灭活疫苗不会诱导CD8 T细胞反应。"
https://www.thelancet.com/article/S1473-3099(20)30843-4/fulltext
