【几种口罩预防肺结核接触传染】

弓尒 · 2015-08-30 08:55:43Z

【几种口罩预防肺结核接触传染】简介

来源: 弓尒于 2015-08-30 08:55:43 [档案] [博客] [旧帖] [给我悄悄话] 本文已被阅读：次 (12125 bytes)

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6层以下的纱布口罩，几乎没用，至少需要12层以上的， 16层的更好。

美国所谓 N95 口罩或呼吸器，一般超市，药店，homedepot 都有卖的，有一定作用。

绝对安全的口罩是没有的，除非不呼吸。

防化兵全封闭带呼吸器的面罩，很安全，但不实用，除非特殊情况。

即使活动期的肺结核，排菌是通过病人咳嗽喷嚏唾沫等 droplets 方式排出的，而非每一口呼吸呼出的。

换句话，假若肺结核病人平静不咳嗽与你相处多少分钟或小时，基本不会发生传染。

负压舱和负压单人病房，不是针对肺结核病人的，普及率差得远，不现实。

airborne 不是 air-in, breath-in, 是 droplets in air that are inspirated, inhaled in by the recipient.

The N95 Mask to Protect Against Tuberculosis

The N95 medical mask is a type of disposable respirator that may be used in a medical or industrial setting. Both types of N95 function by filtering out particulates in the air before they reach your respiratory system. Both the FDA and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health approve the use of N95 respirator masks to protect against tuberculosis transmission.

N95 respirator masks would typically be used by medical professionals coming into contact with an individual with suspected or diagnosed active tuberculosis. Tuberculosis bacteria may pass through the air from an infected person to a non-infected person if the infected patient coughs. Wearing an N95 mask is a safety precaution if your work brings you in contact with a person believed to have active TB. Mask use would also be required of public health workers who oversee in-home administration of anti-TB drugs to patients receiving treatment for the active infection.

What is a N95?

According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) respiratory approval regulation (42 CFR 84) the term "N95" refers to a filter class, not a respirator.However, many filtering facepiece respirators have an "N95" class filter and many people refer to them, and have come to know them as "N95 respirators" or just "N95".

There are three designations given by NIOSH - N, R and P, see below. These letters refer to the filter's resistance to oil, such as lubricants, cutting fluids or glycerin. The 95 indicates its filter efficiency, such as 95%, 99% or 99.97%. Higher filter efficiencies means lower filter leakage.

2005 May;9(5):545-9.

Evaluation of N95 respirator use as a tuberculosis control measure in a resource-limited setting.

Biscotto CR1, Pedroso ER, Starling CE, Roth VR.

Author information

Abstract

SETTING:

A 150-bed public Brazilian hospital that serves as reference hospital for tuberculosis (TB) patients.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the use of personal respiratory protection by health care workers (HCWs) as a measure to reduce TB occupational risk.

DESIGN:

One hundred and forty-five HCWs were randomly observed for the use of a N95 respirator when entering high-risk areas or performing high-risk procedures.

RESULTS:

N95 respirators were infrequently used, even for high-risk procedures such as endotracheal intubation (25%) and respiratory aspiration (12%), and in high-risk areas such as the respirology ward (69.2%), emergency department (29.5%), intensive care unit (8.8%), and TB room isolation (39.5%). Facial-seal leakage was observed in 39% of HCWs due to failure to wear the mask with a tight facial fit as directed.

CONCLUSION:

Respirator use as a sole control measure is inadequate in any setting and is not cost-effective in resource-limited settings. Alternative or additional measures are clearly needed in hospitals with a high incidence of active TB admissions, specially following recent recommendations from the WHO, which consider personal respiratory protection as the third line of defense for TB control, indicated when TB risk cannot be adequately reduced by administrative and engineering controls.

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