中风是指当流向脑部的血液减少或停止时就会发生中风。血流会由一块血 栓、一个斑块或一个血管泄漏而遭到阻塞。有时流向脑部的血只是 短暂受到阻塞。 如果您有中风症状，但是这些症状在几分钟至几个小时之后消失， 这称为 TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) 或短暂性脑缺血或“小中风”。这是强烈警告，告诉您 有问题并且将来可能发生中风。
当流向脑部的血流受到阻塞，造成永久性损伤时，这称为中风。流向 脑部的血流受到阻塞时，可通过做检查来发现阻塞的类型、位置和 原因。 症状 中风的影响取决于脑损位置和程度。中风的症状会很突然，一般包括：
四肢/面部: 手臂或腿部有麻木、麻刺或虚弱感，该现象经常只是在身体的一侧
大脑：意识混乱或理解有困难
语言：说话有问题
视力：一只眼睛或双眼看东西有问题
行动：晕眩或难以保持平衡、动作不协调或走路有问题
头：原因不明的突然性剧烈头痛
哪一类工作容易导致中风？
作舟 转译
与工作、工作压力无关的导致中风的原因有：有高血压、糖尿病、高血液胆固醇、心脏病或有过中风；有家族中风史； 体重过量；不活动或不锻炼；生活有很多压力；吃高胆固醇和高脂肪食物；烟酒；使用毒品；头部受伤或有出血疾病。
最新研究数据表明“工薪阶层”的工作时间和工作上的压力、紧张和患中风有直接关系。也就是说，就算你没有上述病症或遗传，“工作”带来的压力和紧张感已经被视为中风的警报。
Researchers Link Longer Work Hours and Stroke Risk
AUGUST 19, 2015
蓝赛报告--每周工作时间超过55小时，中风率为33%；冠状动脉心脏疾病率增加13%
People who work 55 hours or more per week have a 33 percent greater risk of stroke and a 13 percent greater risk of coronary heart disease than those working standard hours, researchers reported on Wednesday in the Lancet.
The new analysis includes data on more than 600,000 individuals in Europe, the United States and Australia, and is the largest study thus far of the relationship between working hours and cardiovascular health. But the analysis was not designed to draw conclusions about what caused the increased risk and could not account for all relevant confounding factors.
“Earlier studies have pointed to heart attacks as a risk of long working hours, but not stroke,” said Dr. Urban Janlert, a professor of public health at Umea University in Sweden, who wrote an accompanying editorial. “That’s surprising.”
Mika Kivimaki, a professor of epidemiology at University College London, and his colleagues combined the results of multiple studies and tried to account for factors that might skew the results. In addition to culling data from published studies, the researchers also compiled unpublished information from public databases and asked authors of previous work for additional data.
Seventeen studies of stroke included 528,908 men and women who were tracked on average 7.2 years. Some 1,722 nonfatal and deadly strokes were recorded. After controlling for smoking, physical activity and high blood pressure and cholesterol, the researchers found a one-third greater risk of stroke among those workers who reported logging 55 or more hours weekly, compared with those who reported working the standard 35 to 40 hours.
While the increase in risk for each individual was slight, experts said the effect was noteworthy in a large population in which many people are working long hours.
In his editorial, Dr. Janlert said, “Long working hours are not a negligible occurrence.” Full-time American workers in nonagricultural industries labor for an average 42.5 hours per week, according to Bureau of Labor Statistics.
But workweek hours vary sharply depending on occupation and company culture. In Gallup surveys in 2013 and 2014, nearly four in 10 full-time American workers reported laboring at least 50 hours weekly, and half said they usually work more than 40 hours.
心脏病、中风危险群体不分男女老少、经济、社会地位高低
Dr. Kivimaki and his colleagues also found the risk of stroke increased as work hours lengthened. But he said, “we found no differences between men and women, or between older people and younger ones, or those with higher or lower socioeconomic status.”
Dr. Ralph Sacco, a former president of the American Heart Association, said, “The consistency of the findings across published and unpublished data — that alignment is a strength and makes this more convincing.”
The analysis of coronary heart disease among workers included 25 studies involving 603,838 people. (Some of these studies were also used in the stroke analysis.) After a mean of 8.5 years, 4,768 had received diagnoses of heart disease as a cause of death or hospitalization. The researchers accounted for age, sex and socioeconomic status.
Dr. Stephen L. Kopecky, a professor of medicine in the division of cardiology at the Mayo Clinic, said that this analysis did not fully account for the effects of cholesterol, family history and blood pressure in all cases, so it is possible that long hours are not entirely to blame.
工作紧张：当雇员的工作量和需求大（被动的），而只有很少的控制权（没有主动权，只能听老板的），被称为Job Strain. 工作的紧张直接导致高血压，而高血压后，则是中风。
Furthermore, he argued, it matters to stroke risk whether an employee has a job with high demands and little control, which researchers call “job strain.”
“You have higher blood pressure when you have job strain,” Dr. Kopecky said. “And guess what that’s associated with? Stroke.”
Another limitation: individuals were asked just once the number of hours they work.
A randomized trial could shed light on whether working long hours actually causes strokes. For example, scientists could assign some people working long hours to reduce them, and other overachievers to keep up their long hours, and then measure the health consequences and track factors like blood pressure, sleep duration, and stress response.
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