贲门失弛缓症（achalasia）又称贲门痉挛。其主要特征是食管缺乏蠕动，食管下端括约肌（LES）不松弛，造成的高压和对吞咽动作的松弛反应的减弱，使食物无法进入胃内，堵在食管上端。临床表现为咽下困难、食物反流和下端胸骨后不适或疼痛。 很罕见。十万人中可能只有一例，且病因迄今不明。
如何诊断? How is achalasia diagnosed?
Three tests are most commonly used to diagnose and evaluate a swallowing problem:
- Barium swallow. The patient swallows a barium preparation (liquid or other form) and its movement through the esophagus is evaluated using X-ray.
- Endoscopy. A flexible, narrow tube called an endoscope is passed into the esophagus and projects images of the inside of the esophagus onto a screen.
- Manometry. This test measures the timing and strength of esophageal (pump) contractions and lower esophageal sphincter (valve) relaxation.
更多的信息，请参考: Achalasia
来源: http://health.clevelandclinic.org/2014/10/when-you-think-you-have-acid-reflux-but-its-not-video/
