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相比于战争时期和社会公德、法律不健全的反人道犯罪，在和平时期和开放社会里发生如此令人费解、不可理喻的凶杀案在现代医学和法学界往往将罪犯的行为与精神病连在一起。因为没有任何“原因”或动机可以让公众理解这种极端的“无故屠杀同类”的反人类和违背人性的行为。
现代的（精神病）科普教育和基本的心理学常识是教育工作者和职场领导人员必备的知识。当我们缺乏这方面的知识时，我们也就无法判断他人和自己的思维和行为中哪些是病态的、哪些是会危害他人和社会的行为，甚至犯罪行为。
人格障碍（异常）Personality Disorder是精神病的一种。患有人格障碍的人表现为长期的思想或思维的僵化，和人们通常看到一些人的性格非常固执、世界观和价值观等老死不变等等类似，继而表现出病态行为和举止等。
人格障碍是不分国界、文化的，它的形成可以追溯到一个人的青春期甚至更早。今天美国的精神科在判断人格障碍时的最低标准是一个人人格障碍开始影响个人、社会及其在职场的行为。
Facet 1 Interpersonal 人际方面
Glibness/superficial charm 耍嘴皮子、肤浅做作的魅力
Grandiose sense of self-worth 宏伟远大的自我价值观
Pathological lying 病态撒谎
Cunning/manipulative 狡猾、操纵他人
Facet 2 Affective 情感方面
Lack of remorse or guilt 缺乏自责和内疚
Emotionally shallow 感情（性情）浅薄
Callous/lack of empathy 冷漠无情、缺乏换位思考能力
Failure to accept responsibility for own actions 没有对自己行为负责的能力
Facet 3 Lifestyle 生活方式
Need for stimulation/proneness to boredom 需要刺激、易于厌倦
Parasitic lifestyle 寄生虫生活方式
Lack of realistic, long-term goals 缺乏现实、长期的生活目标
Impulsiveness 爱冲动
Irresponsibility 不负责任
Facet 4 Antisocial 反感社交
Poor behavioral controls 低劣的行为控制
Early behavioral problems 早期行为举止上的问题
Juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪
Revocation of conditional release 条件性（情感）发泄终止
Criminal versatility 多种犯罪倾向意识等
其它
Many short term marital relationships 多次短期的婚姻关系
Promiscuous sexual behavior性行为、性伴侣不一
Pathological liars 哪些人属于病态撒谎、欺骗
Lying is the act of both knowingly and intentionally/willfully making a false statement. Most people do so out of fear. Pathological lying is considered a mental illness, because it takes over rational judgement and progresses into the fantasy world and back.
有意的、出于恐惧的撒谎；由于此类撒谎超出了理性判断而进入假想的状态，它被诊断为脑子有病了，即心理疾病。
Excessive lying is a common symptom of several mental illnesses. For instance people who suffer from antisocial personality disorder use lying to benefit from others. Some individuals with borderline personality disorder lie for attention by claiming they’ve been treated poorly.
撒谎过多是严重心理疾病的特征之一。反感社交和边缘性人格障碍是导致一贯撒谎的重要病因。
Pathological lying, on the other hand, can be described as an addiction to lying. It is when an individual consistently lies for no personal gain. The lies are commonly transparent and often seem rather pointless.
病态撒谎也被形容为“撒谎成瘾”。这种人一贯的撒谎有时是不为私利的，而撒的谎、说的瞎话确实显而易见的。
There are many consequences of being a pathological liar. Due to lack of trust, most pathological liars' relationships and friendships fail. If the disease continues to progress, lying could become so severe as to cause legal problems, including but not limited to fraud.
病态骗子的后果包括人际关系、爱情婚姻和友情的破裂。更严重的会产生法律问题，不仅仅是“欺诈”所能概括的。
Psychotherapy appears to be one of the only methods to treat a person suffering from pathological lying. There has been no research done regarding the use of pharmaceutical medication to treat pathological liars. Some research suggests that certain people may have a “predisposition to lying”.
Pathological lying is a complex phenomenon, differing from other mental illnesses. It has many life-changing consequences for those that have to live with the illness. Currently, there is not enough research in the area of pathological lying to guarantee a cure.
在心理、神经科学不发达的古代，人类发明了宗教信仰，目的是引导人们弃恶从善，不做缺德事、靠某种信仰去认识人性、提高人性的水准，从而体会和享受短暂人生的目的和精神意义。
古人发明的对撒谎者的惩罚和童话寓言等对于有人格障碍的人来说是远远不够的，但是对于儿童的早期教育却是不可缺少的。如果儿童在生命的早期就有撒谎倾向的话，那么，后果就是可以预料的了。
现代的心理治疗和咨询是治疗病态撒谎之类心理和人格障碍的唯一临床和科学方式。目前，没有任何“药物”能治疗这样的人格障碍，因为有的人可能只有“撒谎倾向。
Characteristics 病态撒谎的特征
The defining characteristics of pseudologia fantastica are:
1. The stories told are not entirely improbable and often have some element of truth. They are not a manifestation of delusion or some broader type of psychosis: upon confrontation, the teller can admit them to be untrue, even if unwillingly. （谎言里有真实的部分；不是妄想型或其它边缘性精神病，但被面对时，撒谎者也会不情愿地承认撒谎。）
2. The fabricative tendency is long lasting; it is not provoked by the immediate situation or social pressure as much as it is an innate trait of the personality. （一个人内在的性格所造成的长期编造谎言的倾向）
3. A definitely internal, not an external, motive for the behavior can be discerned clinically: e.g. long lasting extortion or habitual spousal battery might cause a person to lie repeatedly, without the lying being a pathological symptom. （绝对的内在因素，其动机可以被临床诊断出来。比如长期的勒索、配偶间非法的侵权或其它厌恶接触的行为等。）
4. The stories told tend toward presenting the liar favorably. For example, the person might be presented as being fantastically brave, knowing or being related to many famous people. （对撒谎者有利的谎言，如吹牛式的欺骗等。）
Pseudologia fantastica may also present as false memory syndrome, where the sufferer genuinely believes that fictitious events have taken place, regardless that these events are fantasies. The sufferer may believe that he or she has committed superhuman acts of altruism and love or has committed equally grandiose acts of diabolical evil, for which the sufferer must atone, or has already atoned for in her/his fantasies.
病态撒谎者也可能体现不真实记忆综合症，即患者会坚信虚构的事件已经发生，尽管只是他或她的幻想。这样的患者也可能认为他或她一直致力于超人的利他主义和爱的行为；相反，患者也会认为自己干了同样凶残和邪恶的行为，从而必须赎罪，或幻想式的赎罪。
--作舟 （部分内容转译自维基百科）
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