What your T-score means:
A T-score between +1 and -1 is normal bone density. Examples are 0.8, 0.2 and -0.5.
A T-score between -1 and -2.5 indicates low bone density or osteopenia. Examples are T-scores of -1.2, -1.6 and -2.1.
A T-score of -2.5 or lower is a diagnosis of osteoporosis. Examples are T-scores of -2.8, -3.3 and -3.9.
The lower a person’s T-score, the lower the bone density. A T-score of -1.0 is lower than a T-score of 0.5; a T-score of -2.0 is lower than a T-score of -1.5; and a T-score of -3.5 is lower than a T-score of -3.0.
For most BMD tests, 1 SD difference in a T-score equals a 10-15 percent decrease in bone density. For example, a person with a T-score of -2.5 has a 10-15 percent lower BMD than a person with a T-score of -1.5.
Your BMD test result also includes a Z-score that compares your bone density to what is normal in someone your age and body size. Healthcare providers do not use Z-scores to diagnose osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men age 50 or older. Among older adults low bone mineral density is common, so Z-scores can be misleading. An older person might have a “normal” Z-score but still be at high risk for breaking a bone.
Most experts recommend using Z-scores rather than T-scores for younger men, premenopausal women and children. However, healthcare providers often use
T-scores for perimenopausal women. A Z-score above -2.0 is normal according to the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD). A diagnosis of osteoporosis in younger men, premenopausal women and children should not be based on a BMD test result alone. NOF does not recommend routine BMD testing in children, adolescents, healthy young men or premenopausal women.
A T-score between +1 and -1 is normal bone density. Examples are 0.8, 0.2 and -0.5.
A T-score between -1 and -2.5 indicates low bone density or osteopenia. Examples are T-scores of -1.2, -1.6 and -2.1.
A T-score of -2.5 or lower is a diagnosis of osteoporosis. Examples are T-scores of -2.8, -3.3 and -3.9.
The lower a person’s T-score, the lower the bone density. A T-score of -1.0 is lower than a T-score of 0.5; a T-score of -2.0 is lower than a T-score of -1.5; and a T-score of -3.5 is lower than a T-score of -3.0.
For most BMD tests, 1 SD difference in a T-score equals a 10-15 percent decrease in bone density. For example, a person with a T-score of -2.5 has a 10-15 percent lower BMD than a person with a T-score of -1.5.
Your BMD test result also includes a Z-score that compares your bone density to what is normal in someone your age and body size. Healthcare providers do not use Z-scores to diagnose osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men age 50 or older. Among older adults low bone mineral density is common, so Z-scores can be misleading. An older person might have a “normal” Z-score but still be at high risk for breaking a bone.
Most experts recommend using Z-scores rather than T-scores for younger men, premenopausal women and children. However, healthcare providers often use
T-scores for perimenopausal women. A Z-score above -2.0 is normal according to the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD). A diagnosis of osteoporosis in younger men, premenopausal women and children should not be based on a BMD test result alone. NOF does not recommend routine BMD testing in children, adolescents, healthy young men or premenopausal women.
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