肾小球滤过率可以用肌酐计算,也可以用Cystatin C 计算。用肌酐计算,最常用的公式是2021 chronic kidney disease epidemiology (СΚD-EPI) creatinine equation: GFR = 141 x (SCr/κ)α x (0.993)Age x (1.018 if female) x (1.159 if African American), where SCr is serum creatinine, κ is a constant value depending on sex (0.7 for females, 0.9 for males), and α is an exponent also dependent on sex (-0.329 for females, -0.411 for males).
肾脏疾病可以分两大类:肾炎(Nephritis),特征是肾小球滤过率下降;肾病综合征, 特征是尿中大量蛋白质。