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Human metapneumovirus, or hMPV, is an infection that affects the upper and respiratory tract, according to the CDC. While it can affect people of all ages, the agency says young children, older adults and people with weakened immune systems are at greater risk.
中文报导
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与流感和呼吸道合胞病毒一样，HMPV是最可能导致感染者住院甚至死亡的病毒之一。美国国立卫生研究院发表的一项研究表明，HMPV在感染100天后的死亡率为43%。
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一项对25年来收集的患者样本研究发现，HMPV是儿童呼吸道感染的第二大“罪魁祸首”，仅次于呼吸道合胞病毒。《柳叶刀全球健康》2020年发布的一项研究估计，2018年，在5岁以下儿童中，有1400多万人感染HMPV病毒，其中60多万名人住院，超1.6万人死亡。
而另一项来自纽约的研究则显示，HMPV病例在住院的老年患者中与呼吸道合胞病毒和流感一样常见，同样可能导致老年人住进ICU、引发致命的肺炎。
更值得注意的是，人体感染HMPV后只会产生微弱或不完全的免疫保护，因此会出现再次感染。但迄今为止，全球仍没有疫苗和药物可以防治这种呼吸道感染。最近，新冠疫苗制造商Moderna刚完成了针对HMPV和副流感病毒的mRNA疫苗早期研究阶段。
防治
https://www.prevention.com/health/a44038947/human-metapneumovirus-hmpv-symptoms-treatment/
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What are the signs and symptoms of HMPV?
The CDC says the following are the most common symptoms of HMPV:
- Cough
- Fever
- Nasal congestion
- Shortness of breath
Those symptoms are similar to a lot of other illnesses, including the flu—and even doctors can’t tell the difference by examining you. “It’s not possible to distinguish HMPV clinically from influenza,” says infectious disease expert Amesh A. Adalja, M.D., a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. “HMPV is a cause of ‘the cold’—which is a syndrome that caused by many different viruses.”
How does HMPV spread?
The virus is believed to spread from person to person the same way as many other viruses, per the CDC. That includes:
- Secretions from coughing and sneezing
- Close personal contact, like touching or shaking hands
- Touching objects or surfaces that have the viruses on them then touching the mouth, nose, or eyes
Ultimately, though, “we’re still learning about this,” Dr. Russo says.
HMPV prevention
The CDC recommends doing the following to lower your risk of getting HMPV:
（又把新冠疫情早期那套搬出来了：呼吸道传染病靠洗手预防。现在不缺口罩了啊）
- Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
- Avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.
- Avoid close contact with people who are sick. （可是没有人知道谁得了）
But Dr. Russo says that HMPV is “much less” infectious than COVID-19, the flu, and RSV.
HMPV treatment
There is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV. “It’s not even something we usually look for,” Dr. Russo says. But Dr. Adalja points out that respiratory viral panels (i.e. tests) have made it “much easier” to diagnose HMPV, which is included in the diagnostic workup.
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