印度中国伊斯兰的传统医学与体液学说很像,有可能有共同的来源。参考 (英文的要更全面):
體液學說
Hippocrates
希波克拉底
Humour | Season | Ages | Element | Organ | Qualities | Temperament |
Blood | spring | infancy | air | liver | warm and moist | sanguine |
Yellow bile | summer | youth | fire | gallbladder | warm and dry | choleric |
Black bile | autumn | adulthood | earth | spleen | cold and dry | melancholic |
Phlegm | winter | old age | water | brain/lungs | cold and moist | phlegmatic |
I
Islamic medicine[edit]
Medieval medical tradition in the "Golden Age of Islam" adopted the theory of humorism from Greco-Roman medicine, notably via the Persian polymath Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine (1025). Avicenna summarized the four humors and temperaments as follows:[24]
Evidence | Hot | Cold | Moist | Dry |
---|---|---|---|---|
Morbid states | Inflammations become febrile | Fevers related to serious humor, rheumatism | Lassitude | Loss of vigour |
Functional power | Deficient energy | Deficient digestive power | Difficult digestion | |
Subjective sensations | Bitter taste, excessive thirst, burning at cardia | Lack of desire for fluids | Mucoid salivation, sleepiness | Insomnia, wakefulness |
Physical signs | High pulse rate, lassitude | Flaccid joints | Diarrhea, swollen eyelids, rough skin, acquired habit | rough skin, acquired habit |
Foods and medicines | Calefacients harmful, infrigidants[25] beneficial | Infrigidants harmful, calefacients beneficial | Moist articles harmful | Dry regimen harmful, humectants beneficial |
Relation to weather | Worse in summer | Worse in winter | Bad in autumn |