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http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heart_vascular_institute/conditions_treatments/conditions/myocardial_infarction.html
请看第4条措施：
Treatment
Time is critical during treatment of heart attack. Most heart attack deaths result from an abnormal heart rhythm during delays in reaching the hospital. Call 911 if there is any suspicion of a heart attack. A stopped heartbeat must be restarted immediately by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or by a device known as an electrical defibrillator. The longer the time from the onset of a heart attack to re-establishing blood flow to the heart, the more permanent heart damage can occur.
1） Chew on an aspirin at the onset of the symptoms of a heart attack as it may help break up a blood clot.
2） Thrombolytic, or clot-dissolving, drugs such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), streptokinase or urokinase may be injected immediately to dissolve arterial blockage. This technique is most effective within three hours of the onset of a heart attack.
3） Painkillers such as morphine or meperidine may be administered to relieve pain.
4） NITROGLYCERIN may be given to reduce the heart’s oxygen demands and to lower blood pressure.
5） Antihypertensive drugs such as beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors or calcium channel blockers may also be administered to lower blood pressure and to reduce the heart’s oxygen demand. Diuretics may enhance the effect of these drugs.
6） Oxygen may be administered through nasal tubes.
7） Anticoagulants such as heparin, aspirin or warfarin may be administered to reduce the risk of blood clots.
8） Digitalis glycosides, such as digoxin, may be prescribed in some cases to strengthen heart muscle contraction.
9） Dopamine or dobutamine may be administered to increase blood flow to the heart and strengthen the heartbeat.
10） Angioplasty, a procedure to open up narrowed arteries, may be performed. Using local anesthesia, the doctor will insert a catheter -- a long, narrow tube with a deflated balloon at its tip -- into the narrowed part of the artery. Then the balloon is inflated, compressing the plaque and enlarging the inner diameter of the blood vessel so blood can flow more easily.
11） Coronary bypass surgery may be performed to go around blocked blood vessels and restore adequate blood flow to the heart.
12） Electronic implants such as a pacemaker or a defibrillator may be attached to the heart to maintain strong, regular contractions of the heart muscle.
13） Severe cases that badly damage heart tissue may require a heart transplant.
14） During recovery, follow prevention tips given by your doctor to reduce the risk of another heart attack.
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heart_vascular_institute/conditions_treatments/conditions/myocardial_infarction.html
请看第4条措施：
Treatment
Time is critical during treatment of heart attack. Most heart attack deaths result from an abnormal heart rhythm during delays in reaching the hospital. Call 911 if there is any suspicion of a heart attack. A stopped heartbeat must be restarted immediately by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or by a device known as an electrical defibrillator. The longer the time from the onset of a heart attack to re-establishing blood flow to the heart, the more permanent heart damage can occur.
1） Chew on an aspirin at the onset of the symptoms of a heart attack as it may help break up a blood clot.
2） Thrombolytic, or clot-dissolving, drugs such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), streptokinase or urokinase may be injected immediately to dissolve arterial blockage. This technique is most effective within three hours of the onset of a heart attack.
3） Painkillers such as morphine or meperidine may be administered to relieve pain.
4） NITROGLYCERIN may be given to reduce the heart’s oxygen demands and to lower blood pressure.
5） Antihypertensive drugs such as beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors or calcium channel blockers may also be administered to lower blood pressure and to reduce the heart’s oxygen demand. Diuretics may enhance the effect of these drugs.
6） Oxygen may be administered through nasal tubes.
7） Anticoagulants such as heparin, aspirin or warfarin may be administered to reduce the risk of blood clots.
8） Digitalis glycosides, such as digoxin, may be prescribed in some cases to strengthen heart muscle contraction.
9） Dopamine or dobutamine may be administered to increase blood flow to the heart and strengthen the heartbeat.
10） Angioplasty, a procedure to open up narrowed arteries, may be performed. Using local anesthesia, the doctor will insert a catheter -- a long, narrow tube with a deflated balloon at its tip -- into the narrowed part of the artery. Then the balloon is inflated, compressing the plaque and enlarging the inner diameter of the blood vessel so blood can flow more easily.
11） Coronary bypass surgery may be performed to go around blocked blood vessels and restore adequate blood flow to the heart.
12） Electronic implants such as a pacemaker or a defibrillator may be attached to the heart to maintain strong, regular contractions of the heart muscle.
13） Severe cases that badly damage heart tissue may require a heart transplant.
14） During recovery, follow prevention tips given by your doctor to reduce the risk of another heart attack.
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