It is very important to stress the distinction between hereditary and familial cancer. Familial cancer may be only a result of shared environmental /life-style factors, in which case has nothing to do with family genetics. When someone states that both grandparents had died of same type of cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer), I'd be highly suspecious to the claim that such cancer runs as his or her family genetic trait, unless, the grannies happened to be an in-bred couple. I'd look into, non-genetic cause of cholangiocarcinoma such as Opisthorchis viverinni (Southeast asian liver fluke) or Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver fluke) infection.
To summarize, some inherited form of cancer account as much as 10% of that particular cancer, for examples, prostate and gastric cancers. With additional genetic causes potentially revealed by ongoing and future research (though increasingly unlikely), heredity (inheritance) could account for 10-20% of some particular cancer, such as breast cancer. However, combining all hereditary cancers, over the common denominator - combined incidences of all cancers, you will hardly get over 5%. So, next time you hear someone fumbling mumbling cancer being genetic disease and it runs in his family genes her family genetics, tell him or her to come here to undo some brainwashing first.
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Reference - 2008 Sanger Center compilation of identified germline mutations in human cancers
ALK anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Ki-1)
APC adenomatous polyposis of the colon gene
ATM ataxia telangiectasia mutated
BHD folliculin, Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome
BLM Bloom Syndrome
BMPR1A bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA
BRCA1 familial breast/ovarian cancer gene 1
BRCA2 familial breast/ovarian cancer gene 2
BRIP1 BRCA1 interacting protein C-terminal helicase 1
BUB1B BUB1 budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 homolog beta (yeast)
CDH1 cadherin 1, type 1, E-cadherin (epithelial) (ECAD)
CDK4 cyclin-dependent kinase 4
CDKN2A-p14ARF cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A-- p14ARF protein
CDKN2A-p16(INK4a) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16(INK4a)) gene
CHEK2 CHK2 checkpoint homolog (S. pombe)
CYLD familial cylindromatosis gene
DDB2 damage-specific DNA binding protein 2
EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor (erythroblastic leukemia viral (v-erb-b) oncogene homolog, avian)
ERCC2 excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 2 (xeroderma pigmentosum D)
ERCC3 excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 3 (xeroderma pigmentosum group B complementing)
ERCC4 excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 4
ERCC5 excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 5 (xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group G (Cockayne syndrome))
EXT1 multiple exostoses type 1 gene
EXT2 Fanconi anemia, complementation group A
FANCA Fanconi anemia, complementation group C
FANCC Fanconi anemia, complementation group D2
FANCD2 Fanconi anemia, complementation group E
FANCE Fanconi anemia, complementation group F
FANCG Fanconi anemia, complementation group Gmultiple exostoses type 2 gene
FH fumarate hydratase
GPC3 glypican 3
HRAS v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
HRPT2 hyperparathyroidism 2
KIT v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
MADH4 Homolog of Drosophila Mothers Against Decapentaplegic 4 gene
MEN1 multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 gene
MLH1 E.coli MutL homolog gene
MPL myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene, thrombopoietin receptor
MSH2 mutS homolog 2 (E. coli)
MSH6 mutS homolog 6 (E. coli)
MUTYH mutY homolog (E. coli)
NBS1 Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 (nibrin)
NF1 neurofibromatosis type 1 gene
NF2 neurofibromatosis type 2 gene
PALB2 partner and localizer of BRCA2
PHOX2B paired-like homeobox 2b
PMS1 postmeiotic segregation increased 1 (S. cerevisiae)
PMS2 postmeiotic segregation increased 2 (S. cerevisiae)
PRKAR1A protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, alpha (tissue specific extinguisher 1)
PTCH Homolog of Drosophila Patched gene
PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog gene
RB1 retinoblastoma gene
RECQL4 RecQ protein-like 4
RET ret proto-oncogene
SBDS Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome protein
SDHB succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit B, iron sulfur (Ip)
SDHC succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit C, integral membrane protein, 15kDa
SDHD succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, integral membrane protein
SMARCB1 SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily b, member 1
STK11 serine/threonine kinase 11 gene (LKB1)
SUFU suppressor of fused homolog (Drosophila)
TCF1 transcription factor 1, hepatic (HNF1)
TP53 tumor protein p53
TS1 tuberous sclerosis 1 gene
TS2 tuberous sclerosis 2 gene
TSHR thyroid stimulating hormone receptor
VHL von Hippel-Lindau syndrome gene
WRN Werner syndrome (RECQL2)
WT1 Wilms tumour 1 gene
XPA xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group A
XPC xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group C
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