Cigarette smoking: causes most cases of lung cancer

Cigarette smoking: causes most cases of lung cancer; relative risk of smokers vs. nonsmokers is 10:1; increases to 20:1 for >40 cigarettes/day; risk is strongly related to number of cigarettes smoked, described in pack years (number of packs per day x number of years smoking)

Also associated with carcinomas of lip, tongue, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, bladder, pancreas, kidney, floor of mouth

10% of smokers have atypia or hyperplasia of bronchial epithelium

Carcinogens in tobacco smoke are benzo [a] pyrene (an initiator) and phenol derivatives (promoters)

Usually associated with squamous cell and small cell carcinoma, less likely with adenocarcinoma

Other causes: radiation exposure, uranium (RR with uranium exposure is 4:1 for nonsmokers, 10:1 for smokers vs. general population); a*****estos (RR with a*****estos exposure is 5:1 for nonsmokers, 50-90:1 for smokers vs. general population), exposure to nickel, chromate, coal, mustard gas, arsenic, beryllium, iron, vinyl chloride, radon radiation, gold miners

Causes of death for a*****estos workers are: 20% lung cancer, 10% mesothelioma, 10% GI carcinomas

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• Smoking, particularly of cigarettes, is by far the main contribu -JoshuaChow- ♂ (721 bytes) () 10/26/2010 postreply 08:34:17

• Women who smoke -JoshuaChow- ♂ (570 bytes) () 10/26/2010 postreply 08:36:10

• The time a person smokes (as well as rate of smoking) increases -JoshuaChow- ♂ (471 bytes) () 10/26/2010 postreply 08:38:21

• Passive smoking—the inhalation of smoke from another's smoking—i -JoshuaChow- ♂ (462 bytes) () 10/26/2010 postreply 08:40:10

• 10–15% of lung cancer patients have never smoked. -JoshuaChow- ♂ (330 bytes) () 10/26/2010 postreply 08:42:37

• by believing every words smoking-research -jaydad- ♂ (415 bytes) () 10/26/2010 postreply 10:06:38

• Biology is very complecated -JoshuaChow- ♂ (592 bytes) () 10/26/2010 postreply 10:40:49