几条我的医院发给病人的patient discharge instructions(仅供参考).
There are some prevention strategies to help decrease the number of bacteria in the bladder and/or can boost immunity to those bacteria that do make it in:
1. Drinking 6 - 8 glasses of water a day as frequent passing of water by urination can help prevent bacteria from reaching infectious numbers in your bladder. (By the way, bladder irritants, such as caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods, can aggravate symptoms, but won't cause an infection.)
2. Changing sexual positions so that a penis is not rubbing or "knocking boots" directly against your urethral opening (pee hole).
3. Emptying your bladder before and after sex could help flush out bacteria, which can reduce your risk.
4. Do not use condoms coated with spermicides. Spermicides can alter the variety of bacterial flora in the vagina, killing off friendly bacteria and allowing pathogenic ones to flourish, causing an infection.
5. Boosting your immune system, by eating plenty of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fiber; exercising; refraining from or quitting smoking; and, getting enough sleep.
6. Taking antibiotics after sex prescribed for you by your health care provider can be useful when other methods prove ineffective. Finish them as prescribed. Do not stop your antibiotics without consult your physician.
7. When you get a UTI, your body will try to acidify your urine to stop bacteria from growing, causing the burning feeling when you urinate. Continue drinking unsweetened cranberry juice, as cranberries contain an acid that lowers the pH of the urine, making it more acidic. Cranberry tablets (a.k.a. CranActin), available at many health food stores, also can be taken as an effective supplement/alternative.
Good Luck. Happy New Year!