最新的上的文章发现神经递质分泌也受季节和日照影响。虽然这方面研究还不完善，但因嗌废食有时会让家人放松警惕。其实病人很多时候自己倒是知道有问题的。
Dying cells, dyeing channels, and seasonal changes in neurotransmitters
Photoperiod-dependent switches in neurotransmitter identity and stress behaviors. (From S.J. Birren and E. Marder. 2013. Science. 340:436–437. Reprinted with permission from AAAS.)
A seasonal change in neurotransmitters?
An intriguing study by Dulcis et al. (2013) describes a switch in neurotransmitter phenotype that may mediate the effects of changes in photoperiod on mammalian behaviors. The variations in photoperiod that occur seasonally at high latitudes can elicit physiological and behavioral changes in various organisms and influence mood in humans. Dulcis et al. (2013) found that the number of dopaminergic neurons in hypothalamic nuclei receiving retinal input by way of the suprachiasmatic nucleus decreased in rats maintained for a week on long-day cycles (19 hours of light; 5 hours of darkness), whereas the number of somatostatin neurons increased. Conversely, in rats maintained on short-day cycles (5 hours of light; 19 hours of darkness), the number of dopaminergic neurons increased, whereas the number of somatostatin neurons decreased. These changes did not depend on neurogenesis or apoptosis; rather, they resulted from a switch in neurotransmitter expression and were accompanied by homeostatic changes in D2 dopamine receptor expression on postsynaptic corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons. Long-day cycles (leading to decreased D2 receptor abundance) were associated with increased CRF in the cerebrospinal fluid, increased plasma corticosterone, and an increase in stress behaviors (rat models of anxiety and depression) in these nocturnal animals. Focal ablation of dopaminergic neurons (or exposure to dopamine receptor antagonists) also elicited stress behaviors; remarkably, the behavioral effects of focal ablation were partially rescued by subsequent exposure to short-day cycles. Thus, neurons in the adult brain appear to switch transmitter phenotype in response to changes in photoperiod, providing a possible mechanism linking photoperiod to mood and behavior (see Birren and Marder, 2013).
