青蒿素

Artemisinin

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Artemisinin

Systematic (IUPAC) name
(3R,5aS,6R,8aS,9R,12S,12aR)-Octahydro-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,12-epoxy-12H-pyrano[4,3-j]-1,2-benzodioxepin-10(3H)-one
Clinical data
Legal status	?
Routes	Oral
Identifiers
CAS number	63968-64-9
ATC code	P01BE01
PubChem	CID 68827
ChemSpider	62060
UNII	9RMU91N5K2
KEGG	D02481
ChEBI	CHEBI:223316
ChEMBL	CHEMBL77
Synonyms	Artemisinine, Qinghaosu
Chemical data
Formula	C15H22O5
Mol. mass	282.332 g/mol
SMILES[show]
InChI[show]
Physical data
Density	1.24 ± 0.1 g/cm³
Melt. point	152–157 °C (306–315 °F)
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Artemisinin /ɑrt??m?s?n?n/, also known as Qinghaosu (Chinese: 青蒿素), and its derivatives are a group of drugs that possess the most rapid action of all current drugs against Plasmodium falciparum malaria.^[1] Treatments containing an artemisinin derivative (artemisinin-combination therapies, ACTs) are now standard treatment worldwide for P. falciparum malaria. Artemisinin is isolated from the plant Artemisia annua, sweet wormwood, a herb employed in Chinese traditional medicine. It can now also be produced using genetically engineered yeast.

Chemically, artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone containing an unusualperoxide bridge. This peroxide is believed to be responsible for the drug's mechanism of action. Few other natural compounds with such a peroxide bridge are known.^[2]

Use of the drug by itself as a monotherapy is explicitly discouraged by the World Health Organization, as there have been signs that malarial parasites are developing resistance to the drug. Therapies that combine artemisinin with some other antimalarial drug are the preferred treatment for malaria and are both effective and well tolerated in patients. The drug is also increasingly being used in Plasmodium vivax malaria,^[3] as well as being a topic of research in cancer treatment.