毒素驱动并中枢神经系统记忆维持的衰老理论 Toxins-Driven and CNS Memory-Maintained Aging Theory
金宝猪2024版
（我提供这个老化理论以供评论和批评。对衰老感兴趣的网友，会有用。）
当一个人出生时，他的所有身体细胞和器官细胞的遗传组成都是一致的。然而，不同器官或身体部位的细胞分化为不同的类型的细胞。这是由基因表达控制的。因此，肺细胞不同于肝细胞。如果基因表达不发生改变，人就能永生。
在细胞分裂和生长过程中，细胞产生所有需要的蛋白质。到了20～30岁，肝细胞、肾细胞等器官细胞就可以产生大量的所需要的蛋白质来满足生化功能。每种细胞的蛋白质的种类和含量相对稳定。例如，肝细胞可以产生大量的蛋白质，用作免疫功能、细胞发育、抗肿瘤、抗细菌、抗病毒等等。
在人的生命过程中，两种毒素--代谢产生的毒素和外来毒素--会不断积累。 大量1980年后研究发现，有毒物质干扰几乎所有运行免疫系统、细胞凋亡、生殖系统等的生化过程；根据毒素的工作方法，它们可能具有致癌性、血管毒性、心毒、肾毒性、神经毒性、肝毒性等（它们可以针对任何器官或身体部位）。
毒素可以在细胞里积累，它们改变细胞的基因表达。这种基因表达变化通常是表观遗传变化，并不涉及 DNA 序列本身的变化。根据大量的研究，老化生命信息（基因表达变化）主要是由于细胞内有毒物质造成的： DNA 的甲基化，基因表达模式改变， 细胞读取其原始 DNA 的能力丧失。已知的影响表观遗传的因素包括饮食、药物、化学品、重金属、 激素、温度、光周期、含氧量、湿度等等。 例如，大多数重金属会干扰很多酶的功能，并会干扰基因表达和DNA 的甲基化。毒素和外来异物还可能通过许多其他方式干扰基因表达。 例如，不溶性物质可能停留在细胞质中，外来颗粒可能粘附在生物材料上（细胞膜或高级蛋白质结构的空间等）。一些受影响的细胞无法产生免疫功能所需的，抗病抗肿瘤所需的蛋白质；一些受影响的细胞无法产细胞分裂所需的蛋白质。相反，一些受影响细胞可能会产生不需要的甚至有害的蛋白质。当细胞内积累的毒素越来越多时，基因表达会发生严重改变，这就像生命信息的丢失一样。随着时间的推移，这个表观遗传改变问题变得越来越严重。早期，只有少数细胞产生错误的蛋白质或不能产生所需的蛋白质；但当越来越多的毒素积累时，基因表达将发生更严重的改变：产生越来越多的有害蛋白质，例如癌症促进蛋白，同时抑制越来越多的细胞中所需蛋白质的表达。早期，人不会感到任何健康问题；然而，当变化足够显着时，人们就会感到健康问题，例如器官功能不足、精力不足、无法抵抗病毒感染、代谢异常、荷尔蒙紊乱或无法控制癌症生长等。
自1960年代起，大量的研究还发现，在人的一生中，人脑、胰腺、肝脏、心脏等处形成了僵尸细胞（活的但没有功能的细胞）。这些细胞没有器官功能，但占据空间，它们没有通过细胞凋亡而死亡，并逃脱免疫系统的杀灭，但会分泌有害物质以促进炎症。僵尸细胞与癌细胞有相似之处，都无法被清除。身体各个部位的僵尸细胞的数量和危害，很可能和所有聚集的有毒物质有关。为了逆转衰老，有必要除去它们，并降低此类细胞的产生速度。
这种慢慢的表观遗传特性变化的性质，意味着医学上使用的所有疾病二元分类都是错误的，它的发明仅仅是为了临床方便。尤其要注意到，人体的每个主要器官都具有巨大的功能储备：一个人在60-80%的功能被毒素破坏的情况下仍能生存。人能吃很多有毒物质，不会有症状； 表观遗传特性变化的性质还意味着，所有基于观察到的症状的药物副作用的披露都是不准确的。事实上，药物对器官造成的损害，早在任何迹象被发现之前就已经发生了！
同样一个基因突变在一般情况下不能在人体内成气候。虽然基因突变时时刻刻发生，但它不可能发生在所有细胞的同一个位置。因此，具有任何特定基因突变的细胞必定只占极少数。由于免疫系统反应和大多数细胞的组织生态的排斥，带有突变的细胞不好生存，无法形成大细胞群体。因此，尽管每天都发生基因突变，大多数体细胞始终保持出生时的基因组成。衰老主要是由表观遗传变化。
如果毒素是衰老的唯一因素，那么衰老就容易逆转。然而，逆转衰老在实践中却很困难。我将这衰老逆转难困归因于中枢神经系统的记忆和维持作用。 在2018年，我在一份非科学出版物披露了这个理论（见英文附件）。根据这一理论，衰老过程，像慢性病，是由中枢神经系统记忆维持的。记忆通常用于描述人的记住认知属性和知识的能力；但在这里，记忆用于描述大脑如何记住和执行人体的生物过程。简单的解释是，大脑和身体组织/细胞不断对话。每当生物过程发生变化时，神经信号交换就会发生相应的变化。大脑会记住信号模式并试图维持它。这就是我称之为 CNS对状态的记忆。有大量证据：慢性疾病的不治之症、成瘾现象、饮食习惯、思维习惯、蛇咬伤的反复疼痛（患肢被截肢后）等等。简单地说，通过神经信号交换，大脑起着维持人表现型稳定性，使人不能随心所欲地回到年轻时状态。此外，细胞和组织也可能有自己的生物记忆（这在这个衰老理论中不太重要）。
大脑就像人的衰老状态的守护者：越来越多的毒素攻击身体细胞和器官细胞，表观遗传特性的变化越来越多，生命信息的丢失也越来越多。大脑也可能通过改变其基于激素的调节来对毒素做出反应。枢神系统把所有表观遗传特性的变化都记住了， 并阻碍衰老的逆转。如果一个人想要逆转衰老过程，必须做两件事：消除体内细胞中积累的毒素，重置中枢神经系统的记忆 （僵尸细胞会自然消失）。两者在实践中都非常困难，还没有一个可行的解决方案。现代人体中至少含有数万种有毒物质。此外，许多毒素如脂溶性分子、沉淀物质、内部形成的晶体、惰性颗粒(包括塑料污染物)等不能通过已知的生物/化学过程去除。药物只能清除非常有限的有毒物质，但不能除去细胞中的有毒物质。肾脏和肝脏在消除毒素起关键作用，它们的功能在大多数人体内可能是限制因素。通过增强肾脏和肝脏等的功能，提高身体消除代谢产物毒素和已积累的外来毒素的能力。
最近的衰老研究进展表明大自然可能留下一个漏洞。如果人体细胞的表观遗传条件能够被重置，就像重新开始一个生命周期一样，就像一个新生命的诞生。由于身体/器官细胞中的DNA的完好，真实的生命信息不会丢失。即使生命信息丢失，也不意味着这种丢失总是有害的或甚至是致命的；而且有可能，这种变化可能对下一个生命周期更有利。
这个衰老理论可以解释所有观察到的各种生活方式相关因素对人的寿命的影响。延长寿命的因素包括冥想、气功、宗教、情绪健康、热量限制、饮食/营养、运动锻炼、使用特殊食物、选择食物、均衡饮食等。任何良好的生活方式习惯都可以轻松地将寿命延长一到几年。这并不奇怪，因为人的预期寿命很长，至少有 120 岁（但更有可能是 200 到 400 岁，即使不考虑表观遗传变化的可逆性）。热量限制和运动锻炼影响没有矛盾，热量限制降低高血糖的毒性，而运动锻炼促进排毒。一个好的方法必须消除体内细胞中的毒素，并训练人的脑子的记忆。
古人寿命很短，因为他们接触铅、铜和其他重金属；每天摄入细菌等的代谢产物；并且缺乏紧急医疗护理。此外，很多古人还因食物缺乏、事故、战争和打斗以及自然灾害而死亡。追求长寿在中国历史上是众所周知的。有趣的是，大多数尝试的结果都是寿命缩短或过早死亡。最大的悲剧就是使用长生不老药，几千年来害死了无数人。尽管一些著名诗已经警告过这些药物的危险，但人们还是愿意吃致命的药丹来延长生命。然而，中国肯定有一些人侥幸部分成功，但他们的秘密没有被传承下来。一些半成功的案例存在于中医、宗教、药物、气功、特殊武术的人群中。有一些尝试的结果可以通过它们对中枢神经系统的影响以及它们在排毒的作用来解释。
由于食物供应的改善和很多死亡风险的消除，现代人类的寿命得到了延长。铅在中国在 70 年代还在使用，消除铅可以大大延长人的寿命。铅会造成广泛而严重的细胞伤害。延长现代人类寿命和生活质量的一大障碍是现代生活环境不是人类基因所适应的。因此，慢性疾病、代谢紊乱、癌症、像 COVID-19 这样的感染等等在将来对人类有越来越严重的影响。
如果您发现任何不能用这个衰老理论解释的现象，请发表评论以供批评。
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Toxin-Driven and CNS Memory-Maintained Aging Theory (毒素驱动和中枢神经系统记忆维持的衰老理论)
I provide this aging theory for comments and criticism.
When a person is born, his genetic compositions are consistent among all body cells and organ cells. However, cells in different organs or body parts are differentiated as different cells. This is controlled by gene expressions. Thus, lung cells are different from liver cells. If the gene expression which is controlled by a large number of factors are not changed, the person would live forever.
During cell division and development, cells produce proteins for all required biological functions. By 20 to 30 years old, organ cells such as liver cells or kidney cells can produce a large number of proteins to satisfy biological functions. The kinds of proteins and amounts of proteins are relatively stable for each kind of cells. For example, liver cells can produce a large number of proteins which are used as immune functions, cell development, anti-tumor, anti-bacteria, antivirus, etc.
During the life time, two kinds of toxins, metabolic toxins and foreign toxins, can be accumulated in cells。A large number of post-1980 studies found that toxic substances can interfere with nearly all biological processes that run the immune system, cell apportosis, reproductive system, etc; and by their working methods, they can be carcinogens, vascular toxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, and hepatoxins (they can target any organ or body part).
They will alter gene expressions. Such changes, which are often called as epigenetic changes, in the characteristics of a cell does not involve changes to the DNA sequence itself. The effects of toxins on epigetetic properties are well known due to massive researches by a large number of research groups. Factors known to affect epigenetics include diet, drugs, chemicals, heavy metals, hormones, temperature, light period, oxygen content, humidity, and more. For example, most heavy metals can interfere with the functions of a large number of enzymes and can interfere with gene expressions. Toxins and foreign matters may interfere with gene expression by many other ways. Insoluble substances may stay in the cytosol, and foreign-born particles may stick to biological materials such as cell membranes or the spaces of high-level protein structures, etc. As a result, some affected cells cannot produce required proteins for immune functions against virus and pathogens, cell divisions, or anti-tumor functions. In contrast, some cell may produce proteins that are unnecessary and even harmful. When more and more toxins are accumulated in cells, gene expressions may be altered severely, and this is like loss of life-information. This problem becomes worse and worse with time. At the early stage, only a small number of cells produce wrong proteins or fail to produce required proteins; but when more and more toxins accumulate, gene expression will be altered more severely: creating more and more harmful proteins such as cancer promoters while suppressing the expression of required proteins in more and more cells. In the early stage, the person will not feel any health problem; however, when changes are sufficiently significant, the person feels health problems such as insufficient organ functions, lack of energy, inability to resist viral infection, metabolic disorders, disrupted hormones, or inability to contend cancer growth, etc. This nature of the infinitesimal slow changes imply that all disease binary classifications used in medicine are wrong and it is invented solely for clinical convenience. This is particularly true that each of human major organs has a huge functional reserve: a person can survive with 60-80% functional capacities destroyed by toxins. It also implies that all disclosures of drug side effects based on observed symptoms are inaccurate. In reality, damages caused by drugs to organs happen long and long before any side effects signs could be detected.
During the life time of a human, it was found since 1960’s that zombie cells (living but functional-death cells) are formed in human brain, pancreas, liver, heart, etc. Those cells have no organ functions but occupy spaces, they do not die through appotosis or immune action, but secret harmful substances to promote inflammation. Zombie cells are similar to cancer cells in the aspect of failure to be removed. The numbers and harmful effects of zombie cells in various parts of the body are most probably aggregated by all toxic substances. In order to reverse aging, it is necessary to remove them and reduce the speed of production of such cells.
If toxins are the only factor for aging, it would be easy to reverse. However, reversing aging is hard in practice. I have long attributed this difficult to the role of CNS memory in maintaining the aging process. My theory on the difficulty to reverse chronic diseases was disclosed in a 2018 in a non-science publication (see the attached English version). According to this theory, the aging process is maintained by the CNS memory. Memory is used to describe a person’s ability to remember cognitive properties and knowledge, but it is used to describe how the brain remembers and enforces biological processes in humans. A short explanation is that the brain and body tissues/cells constantly dialog. Whenever the biological processes are changed, there is a correspondent change in neurological signals exchange. The brain will remember the signal patterns and will try to maintain it. What is why I call this as CNS state memory. Evidence for this is massive: the incurable nature of all chronic diseases, addiction phenomenon, eating habits, thinking habits, recurring pain of a snake bite (after the affected limb has been amputated), etc. Simply put, by neurological signals exchanges, the brain plays a role in maintaining the stability of the person’s phenotype so that the person cannot go back to a young age as will. In addition, the cells and tissues may also have their own biological memory (which is less important in this theory).
The brain is like a state-keeper for the aging process: the more and more toxins strike body cells and organ cells, the more and more changes in the epigenetic properties, and the loss of more and more life-information. The brain may also respond to toxins by altering its hormone-based regulation. If a person wants to reverse the aging process, two things must be done: eliminating accumulated toxins from body cells and resetting the CNS memory. Both are very hard in practice and none has a workable solution yet. Modern human body may contain tens of thousands of toxic substances at least. In addition, many toxins such as fat-soluble molecules, precipitated substances, internally-formed crystals, inert particles (including plastic contaminants), etc. cannot be removed by known biological/chemical processes. Drugs could be used to remove only a very limited number of toxic substances, but cannot detox the massive number of toxic substances from cells. For this reason, each human must die eventually.
Recent advance indicates that nature may leave a loophole. If the epigenetic condition can be reset for human body cells, it is like restarting a life cycle just liking giving a birth of a new life. Since the DNA in body/organs cells are preserved well, the true life information is NOT lost. Even if there is a loss of life information, it does not mean the loss is always fatal or even harmful, and it is possible, the change might be good for the next life term.
This theory can explain all observed the effects of various lifestyle-related factors on a person’s lifespans. Life-extending factors include meditation, Gigong, religion, emotional health, calories restriction, diets/nutrition, exercises, use of special foods, selection of foods, well balanced diet, etc. Any of good lifestyle practices could easily extend lifespans by one to several years. This is not strange, given the likelihood of a very long life expectancy which is at least 120 (but more likely from 200 to 400 years even without considering the reversibility of epigenetic changes). Ancient humans could not live long because they were exposed to lead, copper, and other heavy metals, daily ingested bacteria’s by-products, and lacked emergency medical cares. In addition, people died from lack of food, accidents, wars and fights, and natural disasters. Pursuit of longevity was very well-known in the China history. Interestingly, most attempts were rewarded with shortened lifespans or premature deaths. The biggest tragedy is the use of elixir（the longevity pills) which killed a huge number of people in several thousands of years. People were willing to eat deadly pills for extending their lives even though some famous poets had warned the dangers of the pills. However, some people in China must have succeeded by luck, but their secrets were not passed down and thus lost. Some semi-successful cases are found among those who practiced Chinese medicine or practiced certain religions, and those who did medication, Qigong and special martial arts. The results of those attempts can be explained by their impacts on the CNS and their limited roles to detox body toxins.
Modern humans have their lifespans extended due to improved food supplies and eliminated death risks of many kinds. The elimination of lead is a huge lifespan gain. Lead was used as later as 70’ in China and most countries, it can cause widespread severe cellular damages. One biggest huddle to extending lifespans of modern humans is that modern living environment is not what the human genes were adapted to. As a result, chronic diseases, metabolic disorders, cancers, and infections like COVID-19 will strike humans in increasingly severity in the future.
If you see any factors that cannot be explained by this aging theory, please make a comment for critique.
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附件
Memory-Maintained State Theory
I developed this theory in 2001 without publishing it (Wu's First Disease Theory). The key substance is stated as follows:
The central nerve system constantly monitors the physiological condition of every organ (which may be a tissue, part of an organ or part of the body). The monitoring of an organ is realized by interactions between neurological signals from the brain and a state property of the organ reflecting its life vitality or physiological properties (“ΣPP”). We use Σ to stress that all physiological properties are included so that this definition is different from its traditional meaning used in dictionaries. The physiological properties may be measured by Qi which carries life energy such as ATPs and physical matters such as infrared, magneto-electric waves, acoustic waves, etc. Thus, the brain can detect the state of the organ by interactions between neurological signals and Qi in the organ. Any change in nature of Qi is sensed by the brain by decoding returned neurological signals. The brain is able to understand the physiological properties (“ΣPP”) of the organ (see details for physiological properties “ΣPP”). As a result of constant neurological signal exchanges, the state of the organ is permanently recorded in special memory of the brain.
The central nerve system also controls the physiological properties of every organ and every part of the body by periodically and/or constantly sending regulatory signals to the organ or the part, in consistent with the current physiological condition of the organ and the part.
Throughout the fetal development and the adult life, the central nerve system has developed healthy regulatory signals for every organ in consistent with its healthy physiological conditions. When a disease develops in an organ by a cause such as an injurious agent, Qi in the organ is changed. The central nerve system detects the disease state from changed Qi.
The central nerve system adjusts its regulatory signals in response to the changed state of the organ. In an effort to compensate for changed, lost or impaired physiological functions of the organ, the central nerve system alters regulatory signals that are sent to the diseased organ and all related organs and parts of the body. Changes are made to protect the diseased organ.
If the disease is not healed in a reasonable time, altered regulatory signals permanently replace prior healthy regulatory signals in the memory; the altered physiological properties of the diseased organ will be accepted as current physiological conditions. The prior regulatory signals may be further inhibited by constant reinforcement of the altered regulatory signals, and thus prior normal physiological properties of the diseased organ cannot be recovered.
The altered regulatory signals cause all other related organs to protect the diseased organ and its current physiological properties. The ability of the central nerve system to memorize regulatory signals is essential for maintaining the stability of the organ and other organs, but prevents the diseased organ from reversing from the diseased state to the normal state. Reversal of the disease state is prevented by persistent signal exchanges between the organ and the brain and interactions between the diseased organ and all related organs of the body. Therefore, removing the cause is no longer a sufficient condition for curing the disease. A cure for the disease must include both the removal of the cause, a graduate change of regulatory signals, and cooperative change of all related organs.
Diseases in an organ or the body include any abnormal or changed physiological properties that may manifest as fibrosis, tumor, scar, inflammation, and mineral deposits. When any of the diseases develops, the central nerve system gradually accepts altered diseased tissues and sends regulatory signals to inhibit the immune system from attacking them and prevent healthy cells from successively replacing them. That is why diseased tissues that do not have healthy biological potentials can survive in the body while internal immune cells cannot destroy them and surrounding healthy tissues cannot gradually replace them.
While physiological properties in a tissue or the body cannot be detected in normal conditions by conscious mind, but some of them can be detected by most people in deep meditated state: (1) all energy-related properties in a tissue due to an elevated temperature (implied more excited states of compounds functional groups and more usable energy from glucose metabolism), (2) uncontrolled nerve signals moving in the body that most Qigong practitioners can experience, (3) all kinds of physical movements including twisting, contraction, vibrations, cell movements etc, and (4) internal sounds such as earring sound and brain-perceived sounds. Those perceived phenomena suggest that information physiological properties can be superimposed on the nerve signals that are sent to the brain and the brain can use them in regulating the whole body.
New discoveries after 2001 tend to support our hypothesis. Some recent studies are gradually solving riddle of nerve signals. A study (J Gen Physiol. 2003 May; 121(5): 427–439), for example, used vitro preparation of the guinea-pig cornea to study the effects of changing temperature on nerve terminal impulses recorded extracellularly from cold-sensitive receptors. At a stable holding temperature (31–32.5°C), cold receptors had an ongoing periodic discharge of nerve terminal impulses. This activity decreased or ceased with heating and increased with cooling. In addition to changes in the frequency of activity, nerve terminal impulse shape also changed with heating and cooling. At the same ambient temperature, nerve terminal impulses were larger in amplitude and faster in time course during heating than those recorded during cooling. The magnitude of these effects of heating and cooling on nerve terminal impulse shape was reduced if the rate of temperature change was slowed. The differences in nerve terminal impulse shape observed at the same ambient temperature during heating and cooling may reflect changes in the membrane potential of the nerve terminal associated with thermal transduction. This study at least tells that heat can affect the frequency, pulse shape and amplitudes. Thus, the brain is able to monitor Qi in any tissue by directly sensing heat.
We want to know if nerve signals can carry signature information for compounds in tissues. From the storage capacity of the brain, we do not have difficulty to believe its ability. We just think that the brain can maintain a huge amount of information in language and knowledge. The nerve signals for auditory, visual, olfactory, and somatosensory (touch and proprioception) sensations can carry a huge amount of information. The eyes can tell a huge number of visible waves; and ears can tell a large number of sounds; nose can tells any little smells. In other words, the nerve signals can carry a gigantic amount of information. Our question is whether nerve signals can carry signature information for compounds.
Signature information of compounds can be carried in infrared, microwave, and electronic waves, dipole moments, nuclear spins, etc. Those physical properties have pass through space and biological materials. Water can be excited in about 2.5 GHz, but rotational transitions can happen in different temperatures. The infrared can excite overtone or harmonic vibrations, fundamental vibrations, and microwave. In other words, compounds in the body can generate infrared waves and microwave when they or their function groups or vibrators transit from excited states to group states. They can absorb when transit from ground states to excited states. The question is whether such information can be added onto nerve signals.
Many applications seem to show infrared can interact with nerves. For example, pulsed laser stimulation using infrared wavelengths >1.5 μm can directly stimulate nerves and muscles without any genetic or chemical pre-treatment. However, the mechanism of infrared stimulation has been a mystery. Infrared pulses can be absorbed by water, producing a rapid increase in the local temperature, and thus reversibly alters the electrical capacitance of the plasma membrane, depolarizing the target cell. Ample data are already available on the stimulation of the cochlea with Infrared Neural Stimulation. It is found that the stimulation is selective, feasible at rates that would be sufficient to encode acoustic information. Pulsed infrared light can alter neural activity in rat somatosensory cortex in vivo. Those findings tend to show that infrared is something that could interact with nerve signals in at least some ways.
Different compounds have different absorption and emission frequencies, and they may affect nerve signals in different ways. What is unclear is whether the nerve signals can carry such information and how much they can carry.
Compounds can affect nerve signals by indirect ways. They can affect by the heat if they affect glucose metabolism in the tissue. Thus, any compound that can affect energy production and utilization would allow the brain to know. All compounds, which affect biological processes by any of known physical properties, may affect production of energy.
We also consider nerve signal capacity to carry a large amount of information. Each nerve channel can carry a gigantic amount of information by frequency, shape and amplitude. They can carry 3-dimensional information by using multiple superimposed signal patterns. A series of nerve pulses from one source and the series of pulses from other sources may be superimposed in transmission and could be decoded by the brain. We found there is no practical limit on capacity.
Based upon evidence, we believe that the brain can know a great deal about chemical compounds in the issues as far as their roles to energy production and utilization. However, we do not know how much signature information about compounds nerve signals can carry. Given the gigantic information sensory signals can carry and the brain capacity, it is possible the nerve signals can carry signature information for at least some compounds which may be used as key regulating compounds. This is a mystery we want to know.
(2) Infinitesimal Disease State Changes Theory
This theory (Wu' second disease theory) can be readily derived from the memory-maintained disease state theory. Since a disease can develop from a healthy organ to a diseased organ gradually, it must be possible to reverse it by infinitesimal state changes in a reversal direction. When the condition of the diseased lesion is changed, it causes all cooperative organs to change in consistent with the improvement in the disease organ. With time passing, the brain records the changed physiological properties in its special memory and accepts the improved state of the organ as the current state.
Dr. Wu (2001) predicted that all diseases are reversible and curable. For reversing a chronic disease, five conditions must be met: creation of thermodynamic condition in favor of reversing, provision of activation energy for all underlying biochemical processes, cooperative actions of the brain in favor of improvement of the diseased organ, whole body-cooperation for improvement of the diseased organ, and the ability to maintain an improved state. Wu's disease theory predicts that no cure can be prescribed as a single drug, but key component of cures is within the brain.
Unfortunately, curing a fully developed disease is more difficult than stopping it before it becomes a disease of clinical significance. It would be a hardest battle to fight a chronic disease (see Chronic Disease Reversal Speeds).
(3) Multiple Random Factors Disease Causes Theory
Wu et al. (2017) proposed this theory (“Quantitative disease causes theory”) when they wrote this book. It is intended to be a new foundation for treating future diseases. This theory may be referred to as quantitative disease causes theory.
Each chronic disease is caused by a large number of unpredictable and random factors as disease causes. As shown in the causes for high blood pressure, hundreds of factors can contribute to an elevated blood pressure. Many of the factors are unpredictable and highly dynamic because they may be present in some cases but absent in other cases. All of the factors are random variables: they make contributions to the disease in a quantitative manner. Any factor can contribute nearly zero, a tiny little bit, a little bit, some, a lot, a great deal, or nearly all of disease-causing effects to the disease, just like a random variable defined by a bell with two long tails. This theory is applicable to any chronic disease. Each of causal factors makes a quantitative contribution to the disease.
All diseases are caused by changes in physiological properties (“ΣPP”) in the body or relevant tissues. Physiological properties may also be referred to as “physiological environment” or “chemical environment” when it is referenced relative to a special subject such as a tissue or an organ. Physiological properties (“ΣPP”) in a tissue are defined by all present compounds, all structural cells in the tissue, all mobile cells, pollutants and foreign agents, remaining metabolic products, etc. Physiological properties are greatly influenced by circulating blood and tissue fluid. Physiological properties in a tissue depends upon, among others, nutrients, water activity or osmotic pressure of the liquid phase, compound concentrations and their gradients, fluid acidity, cell health conditions, their physiological and biological activities (enzymes and other biological molecules), and nerve signals from the brain or other organs. Physiological properties are related to tissue vitality, Qi level (or external signals for stem cell differentiation), inflammation driving force and tissue repairing mechanisms.
Anything that can permanently cause changes in the physiological properties of a tissue or organ or the whole body can make a contribution to one or more diseases. Different set of factors may result in different physiological properties, thus causing different diseases. All known disease agents create diseases by influencing physiological properties. Long-term abuse of nutritional supplements may result in next national health crisis because the extreme high concentrations used in a long term basis can disturb physiological properties of the body.
In a tissue, all physiological processes and biochemical reactions take place in an open system. This openness nature was known more than 1700 years ago. Such an open system contains a large number of substances that are from foods, air, and water and distributed by the circulating blood and moving body fluid. Every substance in the open system can affect the physiological processes and biochemical reactions in any part of the body even though they are not reactants or products in the processes and reactions. Each substance can exert its effect by affecting fluid acidity, water activity/osmotic pressure, fluid pH, fluid viscosity, compound-compound interactions, physical absorption on tissue calls, inorganic balance, nutrition competition, nutritional balance (total calories balance, fatty-acid ratios, amino acid ratios, mineral balance, etc.), ionic strength, interference to cell functions by a large number of ways, interfere with molecular recognition mechanisms, interference with diffusion speeds of others, altering volume concentrations of other components, physical space effects, and interactions with nerve signals.
The central nerve system is a super sensitive system that can detect any change in Qi in the tissue. Even an inactive compound can change microwaves, infrared, electronic absorption profile, sound profile, cell motions, pH, water activity, osmotic pressure, dipole movements, etc. The absorption and emission waves (at different temperatures) and physical activities can interact with nerve signals, and the Qi from the tissue superimposes on nerve signals sent to the brain. The brain thus is able to decode the nerve signals retrieve the information originally carried in the Qi, and thus understands the physiological properties of the tissue. In response, the brain sends regulatory signals to the tissue consistent with the state of the tissue.
Therefore, one cannot treat the human body as a closed chemical reactor where reactants and other chemical compositions can be controlled and everything else can be ignored. This reality dictates that a disease cannot be cured by working on only one, two or a few reactants or compounds. It is so even though a distinctive compound is known to start, stop and control a specific biochemical reaction for a disease in a model study. There is no way to change this distinctive compound without adjusting the physiological properties. This is why a single compound (even if it is right from a model study) cannot cure a disease.
Essentially, Qi is highly related to physiological properties (“ΣPP”). Qi is all physical properties that can be added or superimposed on nerve signals directly or indirectly. Qi is an excellent term when it is used to understand how the central nerve system communicates with any tissue and organ because the information must be added on to nerve signals. Qi is also very good term when it is evaluated by subjective feeling. Qi, which can be felt by human beings, include force, physical strength, life vitality, energy for think, desire to do thing, subtle signals, warned temperature and subtle inner feel. All of those things require free usable energy. However, Qi is difficult to understand by ordinary people (especially Western people) and it cannot be directly linked to most health factors such as nutrition, foods, lifestyle, exercise, pollution, emotion, temperature, humidity…. Worst, scientific discoveries made in the last century cannot be linked to Qi. By using physiological properties (“ΣPP”) as a bridge to Qi, we can combine all scientific discoveries with life vitality, the Qi.
Physiological properties in the human body and Chinese balance theory are highly related. The overall balance in the human body includes all kinds of sub-level balances including biological process balance, energy production and consumption balance, nutrient supply and consumption balance, inorganic balance, signal balance, functional balance, structural balance, muscle usage balance, force balance, etc. Any of those balances can be destroyed by altering the physiological properties in organs, tissues or the body. Those balances can be disturbed by changing body temperature, mechanical force, electrical field, various physical waves, fluid pH, nutrition amounts and nutrient ratios, concentrations and concentration gradients of compounds, component physical dimension, compound concentrations, nerve signal transmission, muscle usages, catalysts, chemicals that can interact with any of essential compounds, chemicals that can interfere with molecular recognition mechanisms, cells health condition, etc.
We could show thousands of ways to disrupt balances. For example, raising temperature by as little as 0.5 degrees can totally disrupt the biological process balance: a higher temperature would change reaction speeds of different reactions by different degrees due to their differences in activation energies, thereby disrupting the normal steady-state condition. Applying mechanical force to the body can change blood pressure in affected area and results in discomfort. Introducing food of large acid or basic capacity can disrupt pH of the body fluid and the blood, and, thus, cause catastrophic adverse impacts. Changing nutrients can result in insufficient reactants or excessive products. Changing contractions of oxygen and glucose, for example, can change their abilities to reach cells in tissues. Using muscles with high repetition can cause permanent muscle damages. Neural signals disturbed by bad information and emotion distress can cause pain and mental disorders. Increasing the fraction of inert gases in breathed air can impair the metabolic functions with adverse impact on the whole body. Changing dimension of capillaries can dramatically increase flow resistance because the diameter of red blood cells is even larger than the diameter of a capillary. Introducing into the body unwanted catalysts or removing essential catalysts can destroy biochemical process imbalance. Synthetic compounds in the human body can affect biological processes by interacting with natural compounds by any physical mechanisms and chemical reactions. Radioactive materials can damage other compounds and damage cells, thus changing their functions. Lack of antioxidants can result in more damages to cells by free radicals. Toxins, pollutants and toxic by-products can cause progressive damages to cells in tissues. Therefore, anything that can alter any of those balances can be viewed as disease agents although most significant disease agents are well known.
Small imbalance in a short term is generally not important unless the magnitude of its impact is large. When an imbalance is caused by a factor by a trivial amount, damages is realized by cumulative effect of the imbalance in a long term. Whenever, an imbalance of any kind exists, the physiological properties in an organ, a tissue, or the body must have been changed. Thus, all imbalances must be reflected in the physiological properties.
While physiological properties can be used to describe disease cause factors, there is no way to find distinctive mechanisms for any of the chronic diseases. No disease is caused by a change in a single chemical reaction or a single biological path. It is a flaw to think a disease as a problem in a static chemical reactor, where all problems can be attributed to a distinctive problem in one or more chemical reaction. There is no conceivable basis to explain why a biological path is weakened or sped up. This is why all methods that are normally used to diagnose a controlled static system cannot be used to study health problems of such an open complex system. This is the main reason for the colossal failure of modern medicine.
We believe that the general veracity of this disease theory is not subject to dispute. It predicts that the presumption that each disease is defined by a well distinctive disease mechanism, and treating each disease using a same method must fail with few exceptions. This is why modern medicine has consistently failed in finding cure for chronic diseases.
True disease causes are not simply definable cause for any chronic disease. Binary yes-no states are not applicable to any of disease-causing factors. There is no way to define the scope of disease factors and the quantitative contributions of each disease cause factor to the disease. For high blood pressure, cancer, auto immune disease, or any other chronic diseases, when disease data for a population of similar disease patients are summed and averaged, any conclusion based upon summed data can represent only an abstract person that simply does not exist in the world. Conclusions from such studies have no relevance to nearly all patients, from whom the data is acquired. This big flaw is created by common-law rulers, who assumed that every property could be summed and averaged, and applied to all people, like a rule of law. Therefore, most population studies have little value in finding disease causes and treating diseases in individual cases.
If a disease is caused by hundreds of factors, the hundreds of factors can be used to adjust the physiological properties, thereby curing the disease. This approach would be effective for a super majority of people. Due to the nature of open system of the body, we anticipate that some disease cause factors are not understood, they might be left out. This will be reason for inability to cure certain diseases for some time. For example, the role of the gut flora in causing autoimmune diseases was not known until recently. Many factors are yet to be found. That is the challenge.
