位置,谁更占据上风,才能客观预测未来大致可能发生什么以及我们该如何应对。不用因为自己站在某一边就justify,昨天和女儿讨论这一现象,女儿脱口而出心理学上有一个词叫“Cognitive Dissonance ", 查了一下,她非常准确地概括了这一现象:
+5
How Cognitive Dissonance Works
- Inconsistency Creates Discomfort:The mind naturally seeks consistency between one's thoughts and actions. When there's a clash, like a person who believes smoking is harmful but continues to smoke, it creates a state of psychological discomfort or tension.
- Motivation to Reduce Dissonance:To alleviate this discomfort, people are motivated to resolve the inconsistency.
- Methods of Resolution:Individuals may use several strategies:
- Change their behavior: A smoker might reduce smoking to align with their belief.
- Change their beliefs: They might downplay the risks of smoking.
- Add new cognitions (rationalize): They might add a belief, such as, "I exercise a lot, so it doesn't matter".
- Trivialize the inconsistency: They might decide the conflicting information isn't important.
- Deny or avoid contradictory information: They might ignore news about the dangers of smoking.
- Smoking:A person who smokes but believes smoking is dangerous experiences dissonance, which may be resolved by quitting, rationalizing their habits, or ignoring the health risks.
- Ethical Dilemmas:An individual who values honesty but tells a lie might feel guilt (a manifestation of dissonance) and then minimize the lie's importance or blame others to restore their self-image as an ethical person, as noted by YouTube.
- Consumer Behavior:Someone who buys an expensive product they don't really need might later rationalize the purchase by emphasizing its positive qualities to justify the expenditure.