【50摄影大师介绍】之六, 阿尔弗雷德·斯蒂格里茨 Alfred Stieglitz

50 Masters of Photography (6) --- Alfred Stieglitz Alfred Stieglitz (January 1, 1864 – July 13, 1946) was an American-born photographer who was instrumental over his fifty-year career in making photography an acceptable art form alongside painting and sculpture. Many of his photographs are known for appearing like those other art forms, and he is also known for his marriage to painter Georgia O'Keeffe. Stieglitz was born in Hoboken, New Jersey and raised in a brownstone on Manhattan's Upper East Side. His father moved with his family to Germany in 1881. The next year, Stieglitz began studying mechanical engineering at the Technische Hochschule in Berlin and soon switched to photography. Traveling through the European countryside with his camera, he took many photographs of peasants working on the Dutch seacoast and undisturbed nature within Germany's Black Forest and won prizes and attention throughout Europe in the 1880s. Throughout his life, Stieglitz was infatuated with younger women. He married Emmeline Obermeyer in 1893, after he returned to New York, and they had one child, Kitty, in 1898. Stieglitz was editor of American Amateur Photographer magazine; however, his editorial style proved to be brusque, autocratic, and alienating to many subscribers. After being forced to resign, Stieglitz turned to the New York Camera Club (which was later renamed The Camera Club of New York and is in existence to this day) and retooled its newsletter into a serious art periodical known as Camera Notes. From 1905 to 1917, Stieglitz managed the Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession at 291 Fifth Avenue (which came to be known as the 291). In 1910, Stieglitz was invited to organize a show at Buffalo's Albright-Knox Art Gallery that set attendance records. He was insistent that "photographs look like photographs," so that their realism would allow painting to become more abstract. This shift to abstract art mystified Camera Work subscribers and the viewing public. Stieglitz divorced his wife Emmeline in 1918, soon after she threw him out of their house when she came home and found him photographing Georgia O'Keeffe, whom he moved in with shortly thereafter. They married in 1924 and were both successful. In the 1930s, Stieglitz took a series of photographs, some nude, of heiress Dorothy Norman, who became in O'Keeffe's mind a serious rival for Stieglitz's affections. Both these photos and those of O'Keeffe are often recognized as the first photographs to recognize the potential of isolated parts of the human body. In these years, he also presided over two non-commercial New York City galleries, The Intimate Gallery and An American Place. Stieglitz's camera work ended in 1937 due to heart disease. Over the last ten years of his life, he summered at Lake George, New York and worked in a shed he had converted into a darkroom and wintered with O'Keeffe in Manhattan's Shelton, the first skyscraper hotel in that city. He died in 1946 at 82, still a staunch supporter of O'Keeffe, and she of him. More 中文 本期评论: 爱大米   阿尔弗雷德·斯蒂格里茨是一个对包括摄影在内的美国现代艺术的形成与发展作出了巨大贡献的摄影家。 阿尔弗雷德 · 斯蒂格里茨早期曾是画意派摄影高手，但他后来成了摄影分离派的创始人。他的早期照片里基本都是标准焦距，从正常的视角，横平竖直的拍摄对象。他的画面中的元素组织也是追求平稳和平衡。当然他学习的是当时主流的写实主义的绘画，也许还有一点印象派。但当时所谓的现代绘画，特别是抽象绘画，是基本没有的。他做过的最抽象的艺术尝试，是对云的拍摄。作为对摄影艺术的研究。这可能是最早的抽象摄影的尝试。他在1918年之后,通过不断的尝试和总结，认识到了现代艺术的方向：画意摄影是一种已经死亡的摄影流派。 从此以后，他成为纯粹主义摄影的倡导者和写实摄影的先驱者。他的关于不借助任何其他造型手段，而仅凭纯净的摄影技术去准确真实地表现被摄对象的理论和实践，对摄影摆脱绘画主义羁绊，进而成为世所公认的一门独立艺术，产生了巨大的推动作用。 其代表作作品《终点站》是使用4×5英寸的相机拍摄的。这幅照片拍摄于1893年，第一天施蒂格里茨在弥漫的风雪中等待了3个小时，因光线不理想没有拍成， 最终在第二天，抓拍了铁轨马车在纽约旧邮局前准备出发时的景象。作品《终点站》开创了一种生机勃勃的摄影风格，将摄影创作由室内精雕细琢的 “雅玩”，转向表现户外广阔的社会生活。着眼于从日常的平凡生活中挖掘富有艺术性的题材，以抓拍方式进行创作，追求忠实地再现拍摄对象原有的面目、品质和性格。被誉为第一张现代意义的摄影作品. 斯蒂格里茨还以他的照相机作为一种表达他炽热爱情的工具，以摄影的方式与先是情人, 后是夫人的著名女画家乔治亚•欧姬芙进行了非摄影莫属的感情交流。 《乔治亚• 欧姬芙》人体系列就是这么一种体现了摄影家的爱情浪漫的杰作。执拗地从恋人的身体寻找、发现生命的韵律与美的灵感。 最后，请让我们记住他的名言：有光即可摄影。 附：     50 摄影大师介绍之一 安塞尔·亚当斯 Ansel Easton Adam 50 摄影大师介绍之二 爱德华·韦斯顿 Edward Henry Weston 50 摄影大师介绍之三 格丽特·伯克-怀特 Margaret Bourke-White 50 摄影大师介绍之四 盖伦.罗威尔 Galen Rowell 50 摄影大师介绍之五 朵洛西亚·蓝吉 Dorothea Lange 50 摄影大师介绍之六 阿尔弗雷德·斯蒂格里茨 Alfred Stieglitz

所有跟帖： 

• 说明 -华翰斋- ♂ (89 bytes) () 09/23/2010 postreply 10:27:06

• 谢谢２位:) -不加分析- ♂ (0 bytes) () 09/23/2010 postreply 16:14:34

• 先赞一把！多谢整理并分享，这系列营养丰富啊！ -涛如云海- ♂ (0 bytes) () 09/23/2010 postreply 10:31:55

• 顶这个系列，补充一下Alfred Stieglitz -冬梦- ♀ (380 bytes) () 09/23/2010 postreply 10:56:09

• 他和Georgia O'keeffe的浪漫故事还有一个电影。 -爱大米- ♂ (96 bytes) () 09/23/2010 postreply 20:36:56

• Absolutely! He was a promoter for photography -冬梦- ♀ (174 bytes) () 09/24/2010 postreply 09:29:00

• including Ansel Adam -冬梦- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/24/2010 postreply 09:29:46

• ”有光就可摄影“， 见真功夫。 -笨熊2000- ♂ (32 bytes) () 09/23/2010 postreply 11:58:27

• 说得很对。人家大师还是正确的。 -爱大米- ♂ (94 bytes) () 09/23/2010 postreply 20:30:42

• 张见识了。 谢谢二位。 -JohnFan- ♂ (0 bytes) () 09/23/2010 postreply 12:12:04

• 谢谢介绍！对了解美国摄影发展史很有帮助！ -lauya- ♂ (0 bytes) () 09/23/2010 postreply 15:22:40

• 曾看过一个DVD《Georgia O'Keeffe》 -子归- ♀ (179 bytes) () 09/23/2010 postreply 16:06:14

• 据照在这里（图） -子归- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/23/2010 postreply 16:07:53

• 旧版论坛： 据照在这里 (图) -子归- ♀ (139 bytes) () 09/23/2010 postreply 16:12:17

• 没用，引用的图片网站拒绝盗链。 -U96- ♂ (0 bytes) () 09/23/2010 postreply 17:04:54

• 斯蒂格里茨是最早纯粹主义摄影的倡导者 -爱大米- ♂ (218 bytes) () 09/23/2010 postreply 20:25:19

• 谢这么详实的介绍! -akuan- ♂ (0 bytes) () 09/23/2010 postreply 22:50:58

• 谢谢分享！不知道所谓的画意摄影是怎样的摄影 -walker_沃客- ♂ (0 bytes) () 09/24/2010 postreply 00:02:46

• 收藏，学习了。。 -艾米莉的幻想世界- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/24/2010 postreply 01:57:57

• 收藏了，学习学习！ -大雪茄- ♂ (0 bytes) () 09/24/2010 postreply 09:19:00