"自从我加入之后，一直在旁边观察我，找我的过失想赶走我。此人颇具心机". Be mindful of what you are thinking, he can see it. This kind of thinking makes you avoid him, while you should have been demonstrating to him your competence.
"到了三个礼拜前，我趁着跟上司的上司，就是VP谈提到了人员到位的问题". Big no-no. You need a very good reason to skip a level. Didn't you think how he'd react when the VP talks to him?
"在这样的情况下，我很惊讶，就说，“那看来今天，没有必要再进行讨论了，改天再讨论吧。”就起身离开了". He is the boss, he ends the meeting, you don't. What you should have done is to continue the conversation about what you can do to improve on the things he pointed out.
Insubordination on your part would be his complaint when HR meets him. HR's job is to make the management look good.
Unless you can get a big project from the VP, hard to see a good outcome.
