It sounds like you enjoyed your coding too much. I guess your title should be "xxx Engineer" instead of programmer. I feel the word “Engineer” to your boss not only means writing code, it also includes a lot of other things. I believe all books/articles/discussions on "Software Engineer" weight more on design than coding. You need have much higher level view on your project.
Also, when you said "当我把数据移植到我新设计的数据库上,并运行我的新系统时, 做到了数据和该实现的功能跟老系统一模一样时, 我自己都为我自己感到骄傲.", did you ask yourself why the company hire you? To create something duplicating the old, and plus a tons of testing efforts?
I think your boss is qualified to be the boss.