A Roth IRA can be a great place to stash your retirement savings. Unlike a traditional IRA, you won't have to pay income tax on the money you withdraw or be required to take a minimum amount from your account each year after you reach a certain age.1
What's more, these retirement accounts are available to just about everyone. Though you can't contribute to a Roth IRA if your income exceeds the limits set by the IRS, you can convert a traditional IRA into a Roth—a process that's sometimes referred to as a "backdoor Roth IRA."2
KEY TAKEAWAYS
- You can convert all or part of the money in a traditional IRA into a Roth IRA.
- Even if your income exceeds the limits for making contributions to a Roth IRA, you can still do a Roth conversion, sometimes called a "backdoor Roth IRA."
- You will owe taxes on the money you convert, but you'll be able to take tax-free withdrawals from the Roth IRA in the future.
How to Convert a Traditional IRA to a Roth IRA
Converting all or part of a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA is a fairly straightforward process. The IRS describes three ways to go about it:
- A rollover, in which you take a distribution from your traditional IRA in the form of a check and deposit that money in a Roth account within 60 days
- A trustee-to-trustee transfer, in which you direct the financial institution that holds your traditional IRA to transfer the money to your Roth account at another financial institution
- A same-trustee transfer, in which you tell the financial institution that holds your traditional IRA to transfer the money into a Roth account at that same institution3
Of these three methods, the two types of transfers are likely to be the most foolproof. If you take a rollover and, for whatever reason, don't deposit the money within the required 60 days, you could be subject to regular income taxes on that amount plus a 10% penalty. The 10% penalty tax doesn't apply if you are over age 59½.45
Tax Implications of Converting to a Roth IRA
When you convert a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA, you will owe taxes on any money in the traditional IRA that would have been taxed when you withdrew it. That includes the tax-deductible contributions you made to the account as well as the tax-deferred earnings that have built up in it over the years. That money will be taxed as income in the year you make the conversion.3
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Roth Conversion Limits
At present, there are essentially no limits on the number and size of Roth conversions you can make from a traditional IRA. According to the IRS, you can make only one rollover in any 12-month period from a traditional IRA to another traditional IRA. However, this one-per-year limit does not apply to conversions where you do a rollover from a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA.3