沙特:生产成本8,总成本15
加拿大:生产成本13,总成本25
委内瑞拉:生产成本6,总成本30以下
美国:生产成本13,总成本35
下面是reuters的生产成本
Oilfields Estimated Production /source Costs ($ 2008) Mideast/N.Africa oilfields 6 - 28 Other conventional oilfields 6 - 39 CO2 enhanced oil recovery 30 - 80 Deep/ultra-deep-water oilfields 32 - 65 Enhanced oil recovery 32 - 82 Arctic oilfields 32 - 100 Heavy oil/bitumen 32 - 68 Oil shales 52 - 113 Gas to liquids 38 - 113 Coal to liquids 60 - 113 我研究过很长一段时间的oil shale。成本在80-90(环境成本还不清楚)。油砂55-70(环境成本基本搞清)。