这是新的研究结果，进一步证实当年Atkins的直觉是对的。
英文版的更详细点。
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【zt】
新华网北京8月8日专电美国医学会期刊近日刊登研究报告称，人体堆积脂肪的部位也许能提供线索，决定哪种减肥方法效果最好。
美国波士顿儿童医院肥胖症计划负责人戴维·路德维希医生和同事分析了73名肥胖成年人高胰岛素和低胰岛素的分泌情况。结果发现，只吃一点点糖就迅速分泌很多胰岛素的人比较容易在腰腹部堆积脂肪，形成所谓“苹果形”身材，而那些胰岛素分泌较少的人容易在臀部堆积脂肪，形成“梨形”身材。
研究显示，分泌高胰岛素较多的“苹果形”身材人士通过控制脂肪摄入减肥，不如通过控制血糖负荷低的食物来减肥，后者是减少从饼干、土豆等含糖或淀粉类食品中摄入碳水化合物。而分泌胰岛素较少的“梨形”身材人士无论采用哪种节食方法，效果都不错。
这项研究进一步说明，“苹果形”身材人士也许不应该通过少吃脂肪来节食，因为米饭或其他碳水化合物会令他们的血糖浓度忽高忽低，从而令他们更快感到饥饿。测定自己的胰岛素水平，或许能够帮助他们确定哪种食疗方法更适合自己。
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【zt】
Diets for Apples and Pears
Summarized by Robert W. Griffith, MD
July 18, 2007
Summary
Overweight apple-shaped persons are high-insulin secretors, while pear-shaped people are low-insulin secretors. The former lose more weight on low-glycemic-load than on low-fat diets, while for the latter there is no great difference between the effects of the two diets.
Introduction
If you're overweight, it's just possible that where your extra weight is carried can help determine which diet is likely to work best for you. We've recently discussed the main types of overweight - see the first link below. The distribution of body fat is used to distinguish two body shapes: gynecoid, or "pear shape", with accumulation of fat in the hips and thighs, vs. android, or "apple shape", with accumulation in the middle part of the body, i.e. the abdomen. (For what its worth, gynecoid means like a woman, and android means like a man.)
The role of insulin, which triggers the body to store excess glucose as fat, is central to the way different food types are handled. Some overweight people secrete high amounts of insulin, others low amounts. The high-secretors are likely to be apple- shaped, the low secretors pear-shaped. A recent study, reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association, has examined the effects of low-glycemic load and low-fat diets in obese young adults, to determine whether insulin secretion affects the weight loss produced. Here's a summary of the findings.
What was done
Researchers at the Children's Hospital in Boston allocated 73 obese adults aged 18 to 35 to take one of two diets for 6 months: either a low-glycemic-load diet (40% carbohydrate, 35% fat, and rich in low glycemic foods) or a low-fat diet (55% carbohydrate, 23% fat). After the 6-month diet phase, the subjects were followed for a further 12 months.
At baseline, all participants had an oral glucose tolerance test in which blood glucose and insulin levels were measured at intervals after a 75 gram dose of glucose. Low-glycemic foods don't produce spikes in blood sugar after eating, so that insulin response spikes are also avoided. Results of the glucose tolerance test allowed the subjects to be categorized as high-insulin or low-insulin secretors, according to whether they were above or below the average insulin level 30 minutes into the glucose tolerance test - 57.5 microgram/mL.
Body weight, body fat percentage determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXR), and standard cardiovascular risk factors were measured at 6, 12, and 18 months from baseline.
What was found
The average age of the participants was 28; 80% were women, and 55% were white. Their average weight was 227 lbs and their body fat percentage 41%.
After 6 months on the diets, the high-insulin secretors ('apples') lost an average of 13 lbs on the low-glycemic diet, and 5 lbs on the low-fat diet. The low-insulin secretors ('pears') lost about 10 lbs on both diets. After 18 months, the high-secretors had lost an average of 12½ lbs on the low-glycemic diet, and 2½ lbs on the low-fat diet; their body fat percentages had fallen by 2.6% and 0.9% on these diets, respectively.
There were no significant differences between the two diets in the low-insulin secretors ('pears'). And, regardless of insulin status, the low-glycemic-load diet improved triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol profiles, whereas the low-fat diet improved LDL- but not HDL-cholesterol or triglyceride levels.
What the findings mean
One should not read too much into the findings in this study. Not enough is known about why high-insulin secretors accumulate fat in their middle section rather than at the pelvis/thigh level. It's safe to advise apple-shaped people to avoid low-fat diets, because the additional carbohydrates they consume may cause more unhealthy spikes in glucose and insulin levels; however, if they can substitute complex (low-glycemic load) carbohydrates like brown rice and oats, they may do well with a low-fat approach.
In short, apple-shaped overweight people will do better with a low-glycemic load diet, while for pear-shaped people it doesn't make too much difference; what's really important is one of the laws of thermodynamics: the only way to really lose weight is to burn more calories than you eat.
Source
Effects of a low-glycemic load vs low-fat diet in obese young adults. CB. Ebbeling, MM. Leidig, HA. Feldman, et al. , JAMA, 2007, vol. 297, pp. 2092--2102
英文版的更详细点。
--------
【zt】
新华网北京8月8日专电美国医学会期刊近日刊登研究报告称，人体堆积脂肪的部位也许能提供线索，决定哪种减肥方法效果最好。
美国波士顿儿童医院肥胖症计划负责人戴维·路德维希医生和同事分析了73名肥胖成年人高胰岛素和低胰岛素的分泌情况。结果发现，只吃一点点糖就迅速分泌很多胰岛素的人比较容易在腰腹部堆积脂肪，形成所谓“苹果形”身材，而那些胰岛素分泌较少的人容易在臀部堆积脂肪，形成“梨形”身材。
研究显示，分泌高胰岛素较多的“苹果形”身材人士通过控制脂肪摄入减肥，不如通过控制血糖负荷低的食物来减肥，后者是减少从饼干、土豆等含糖或淀粉类食品中摄入碳水化合物。而分泌胰岛素较少的“梨形”身材人士无论采用哪种节食方法，效果都不错。
这项研究进一步说明，“苹果形”身材人士也许不应该通过少吃脂肪来节食，因为米饭或其他碳水化合物会令他们的血糖浓度忽高忽低，从而令他们更快感到饥饿。测定自己的胰岛素水平，或许能够帮助他们确定哪种食疗方法更适合自己。
--------
【zt】
Diets for Apples and Pears
Summarized by Robert W. Griffith, MD
July 18, 2007
Summary
Overweight apple-shaped persons are high-insulin secretors, while pear-shaped people are low-insulin secretors. The former lose more weight on low-glycemic-load than on low-fat diets, while for the latter there is no great difference between the effects of the two diets.
Introduction
If you're overweight, it's just possible that where your extra weight is carried can help determine which diet is likely to work best for you. We've recently discussed the main types of overweight - see the first link below. The distribution of body fat is used to distinguish two body shapes: gynecoid, or "pear shape", with accumulation of fat in the hips and thighs, vs. android, or "apple shape", with accumulation in the middle part of the body, i.e. the abdomen. (For what its worth, gynecoid means like a woman, and android means like a man.)
The role of insulin, which triggers the body to store excess glucose as fat, is central to the way different food types are handled. Some overweight people secrete high amounts of insulin, others low amounts. The high-secretors are likely to be apple- shaped, the low secretors pear-shaped. A recent study, reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association, has examined the effects of low-glycemic load and low-fat diets in obese young adults, to determine whether insulin secretion affects the weight loss produced. Here's a summary of the findings.
What was done
Researchers at the Children's Hospital in Boston allocated 73 obese adults aged 18 to 35 to take one of two diets for 6 months: either a low-glycemic-load diet (40% carbohydrate, 35% fat, and rich in low glycemic foods) or a low-fat diet (55% carbohydrate, 23% fat). After the 6-month diet phase, the subjects were followed for a further 12 months.
At baseline, all participants had an oral glucose tolerance test in which blood glucose and insulin levels were measured at intervals after a 75 gram dose of glucose. Low-glycemic foods don't produce spikes in blood sugar after eating, so that insulin response spikes are also avoided. Results of the glucose tolerance test allowed the subjects to be categorized as high-insulin or low-insulin secretors, according to whether they were above or below the average insulin level 30 minutes into the glucose tolerance test - 57.5 microgram/mL.
Body weight, body fat percentage determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXR), and standard cardiovascular risk factors were measured at 6, 12, and 18 months from baseline.
What was found
The average age of the participants was 28; 80% were women, and 55% were white. Their average weight was 227 lbs and their body fat percentage 41%.
After 6 months on the diets, the high-insulin secretors ('apples') lost an average of 13 lbs on the low-glycemic diet, and 5 lbs on the low-fat diet. The low-insulin secretors ('pears') lost about 10 lbs on both diets. After 18 months, the high-secretors had lost an average of 12½ lbs on the low-glycemic diet, and 2½ lbs on the low-fat diet; their body fat percentages had fallen by 2.6% and 0.9% on these diets, respectively.
There were no significant differences between the two diets in the low-insulin secretors ('pears'). And, regardless of insulin status, the low-glycemic-load diet improved triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol profiles, whereas the low-fat diet improved LDL- but not HDL-cholesterol or triglyceride levels.
What the findings mean
One should not read too much into the findings in this study. Not enough is known about why high-insulin secretors accumulate fat in their middle section rather than at the pelvis/thigh level. It's safe to advise apple-shaped people to avoid low-fat diets, because the additional carbohydrates they consume may cause more unhealthy spikes in glucose and insulin levels; however, if they can substitute complex (low-glycemic load) carbohydrates like brown rice and oats, they may do well with a low-fat approach.
In short, apple-shaped overweight people will do better with a low-glycemic load diet, while for pear-shaped people it doesn't make too much difference; what's really important is one of the laws of thermodynamics: the only way to really lose weight is to burn more calories than you eat.
Source
Effects of a low-glycemic load vs low-fat diet in obese young adults. CB. Ebbeling, MM. Leidig, HA. Feldman, et al. , JAMA, 2007, vol. 297, pp. 2092--2102
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