过期处罚：https://www.medicare.gov/your-medicare-costs/part-b-costs/part-b-late-enrollment-penalty
Part B late enrollment penalty
In most cases, if you don't sign up for Part B when you're first eligible, you'll have to pay a late enrollment penalty. You'll have to pay this penalty for as long as you have Part B. Your monthly premium for Part B may go up 10% of the standard premium for each full 12-month period that you could have had Part B, but didn't sign up for it. Also, you may have to wait until the General Enrollment Period (from January 1 to March 31) to enroll in Part B. Coverage will start July 1 of that year.
Usually, you don't pay a late enrollment penalty if you meet certain conditions that allow you to sign up for Part B during a Special Enrollment Period.
If you have limited income and resources, your state may help you pay for Part A, and/or Part B. You may also qualify for Extra Help to pay for your Medicare prescription drug coverage.
Special circumstances (Special Enrollment Periods)
You can make changes to your Medicare Advantage and Medicare prescription drug coverage when certain events happen in your life, like if you move or you lose other insurance coverage. These chances to make changes are called Special Enrollment Periods (SEPs). Rules about when you can make changes and the type of changes you can make are different for each SEP.
You change where you live
- I moved to a new address that isn't in my plan's service area.
- I moved to a new address that’s still in my plan's service area, but I have new plan options in my new location.
- I moved back to the U.S. after living outside the country.
- I just moved into, currently live in, or just moved out of an institution (like a skilled nursing facility or long-term care hospital).
- I'm released from jail.
You lose your current coverage
- I'm no longer eligible for Medicaid.
- I left coverage from my employer or union (including COBRA coverage).
- I involuntarily lose other drug coverage that's as good as Medicare drug coverage (creditable coverage), or my other coverage changes and is no longer creditable.
- I had drug coverage through a Medicare Cost Plan and I left the plan.
- I dropped my coverage in a Program of All-inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) plan.
You have a chance to get other coverage
Your plan changes its contract with Medicare
Other special situations
- I'm eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid.
- I qualify for Extra Help paying for Medicare prescription drug coverage.
- I'm enrolled in a State Pharmaceutical Assistance Program (SPAP) or lose SPAP eligibility.
- I dropped a Medigap policy the first time I joined a Medicare Advantage Plan.
- I have a severe or disabling condition, and there’s a Medicare Chronic Care Special Needs Plan (SNP) available that serves people with my condition.
- I'm enrolled in a Special Needs Plan (SNP) and no longer have a condition that qualifies as a special need that the plan serves.
- I joined a plan, or chose not to join a plan, due to an error by a federal employee.
- I wasn't properly told that my other private drug coverage wasn't as good as Medicare drug coverage (creditable coverage).
- I wasn't properly told that I was losing private drug coverage that was as good as Medicare drug coverage (creditable coverage).
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