Sea Cucumber 海参 / 海'黄瓜'

Sea Cucumber /Frondoside A /”Frondanol-A5P” 海参 /海参皂苷 /”芳耷醇-A5”

温州老同学说, 你要吃海参, 我说, 为何, 还外加冬虫夏草灵芝粉吗? 至少我没提生土豆汁.

微信群上火红的热, 让我真不太理解.  不就是多年前在北卡经常买荤菜素吃的海黄瓜吗? 能有啥新奇?

今天我终于有时间来向全世界的大爷大妈学西旧东西的新知识了.  把PUBMED 好好翻查了一遍.  以下是我的笔记加评注. 强调一下, 病人观点, 你当真那就是你的错了.

 

Mar Drugs. 2015 May 12;13(5):2909-23. doi: 10.3390/md13052909.

海参代谢产物强效抗癌药物

Janakiram NB1, Mohammed A2, Rao CV3.

Author information

1Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. [e-mail].

2Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. [e-mail].

3Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. [e-mail].

Abstract

Sea cucumbers and their extracts have gained immense popularity and interest among researchers and nutritionists due to their nutritive value, potential health benefits, and use in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Many areas of the world use sea cucumbers in traditional foods and folk medicine. Though the actual components and their specific functions still remain to be investigated, most sea cucumber extracts are being studied for their anti-inflammatory functions, immunostimulatory properties, and for cancer prevention and treatment. There is large scope for the discovery of additional bioactive, valuable compounds from this natural source. Sea cucumber extracts contain unique components, such as modified triterpene glycosides, sulfated polysaccharides, glycosphingolipids, and esterified phospholipids. Frondanol A5, an isopropyl alcohol/water extract of the enzymatically hydrolyzed epithelia of the edible North Atlantic sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa, contains monosulfated triterpenoid glycoside Frondoside A, the disulfated glycoside Frondoside B, the trisulfated glycoside Frondoside C, 12-methyltetradecanoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and fucosylated chondroitin sulfate. We have extensively studied the efficacy of this extract in preventing colon cancer in rodent models. In this review, we discuss the anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and anti-tumor properties of sea cucumber extracts.

KEYWORDS:

Frondanol A5; aberrant crypt foci; anti-inflammation; colon cancer; sea cucumber

[my note –

This is journal “marine drugs”, impact factor 2.8, written by 3 people from India. It is a review, so does not have any original data. 这是期刊“海洋药物”，影响因子2.8，是由3人来自印度。它是综述文章，所以没有任何原始数据。

]

 

Mar Drugs. 2015 Mar; 13(3): 1202–1223.

海参皂苷抗癌活性

Dmitry L. Aminin, Ekaterina S. Menchinskaya, Evgeny A. Pisliagin, Alexandra S. Silchenko, Sergey A. Avilov, and Vladimir I. Kalinin*

Friedemann Honecker, Academic Editor and Sergey A. Dyshlovoy, Academic Editor

G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 letya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; E-Mails: moc.liamtoh@ninima_d (D.L.A.); Email: moc.liamg@ayaksnihcnemaniretake (E.S.M.); Email: moc.liamtoh@nigaylsip (E.A.P.); Email: ur.liam@ardnaxelais (A.S.S.); Email: ur.liam@7591-voliva (S.A.A.)

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ur.ovd.cobip@vninilak; Tel.: [phone]; Fax: [phone].

Author information ▼ Article notes ? Copyright and License information ?

This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.

Go to:

Abstract

Triterpene glycosides are characteristic secondary metabolites of sea cucumbers (Holothurioidea, Echinodermata). They have hemolytic, cytotoxic, antifungal, and other biological activities caused by membranotropic action. These natural products suppress the proliferation of various human tumor cell lines in vitro and, more importantly, intraperitoneal administration in rodents of solutions of some sea cucumber triterpene glycosides significantly reduces both tumor burden and metastasis. The anticancer molecular mechanisms include the induction of tumor cell apoptosis through the activation of intracellular caspase cell death pathways, arrest of the cell cycle at S or G2/M phases, influence on nuclear factors, NF-κB, and up-down regulation of certain cellular receptors and enzymes participating in cancerogenesis, such as EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), Akt (protein kinase B), ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases), FAK (focal adhesion kinase), MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) and others. Administration of some glycosides leads to a reduction of cancer cell adhesion, suppression of cell migration and tube formation in those cells, suppression of angiogenesis, inhibition of cell proliferation, colony formation and tumor invasion. As a result, marked growth inhibition of tumors occurs in vitro and in vivo. Some holothurian triterpene glycosides have the potential to be used as P-gp mediated MDR reversal agents in combined therapy with standard cytostatics.

 

Keywords: triterpene glycosides, sea cucumbers, antitumor activities, apoptosis, arrest of cell cycle

 

[my note –

This is also a review article, on the same journal “marine drug”, written by the Russian academy of science.  They listed 13 different compounds (or class of compounds) found in sea cucumber, most of these are XXXXside.  Philinopsides, patagonicoside, holothurin , echinosides, colohiroside , intercedenside , okhotosides , frondoside , stichoposides, holotoxins, cucumariosides, bivittoside ,  and holothurinoside .  Enough name to give you migraine, I am sure.  And they say almost everything in the list can cause “reduction of cell viability”.  I was a lab worker, so I know exactly what that means – you add this XXXXside to cancer or transformed cells in culture dish, you end up with less cells than the dish without this XXXXside.  But if you use sugar, salt, pepper, or turmeric, etc, etc, you can get just about the same result.  So, I’d say, show me something.

这也是一个综述文章，在同一期杂志“海洋药物”，是由俄国科学院。他们列出发现的13种海参不同的化合物（或一类化合物），其中大部分是XXXXside 苷。 Philinopsides，patagonicoside，海参素，echinosides，colohiroside，intercedenside，okhotosides，frondoside，stichoposides，holotoxins，cucumariosides，bivittoside和holothurinoside。足够的名字给你偏头痛，我敢肯定。他们说，几乎所有在列表中可能会导致“降低细胞活力”。我曾是一名实验室工作人员，所以我很清楚这意味着什么 - 你在培养中，你最终以较少的细胞这个加XXXXside癌症或转化的细胞皿, 比没有加此XXXXside的皿.  但是，如果你使用的糖，盐，胡椒，姜黄或者，等，等，就可以得到几乎相同的结果。所以，我说，给我来点真东西。

 

PLoS One. 2013; 8(1): e53087.

Frondoside A Suppressive Effects on Lung Cancer Survival, Tumor Growth, Angiogenesis, Invasion, and Metastasis海参皂苷的 肺癌生存，肿瘤生长，血管生成，侵袭和转移抑制效应

Samir Attoub,1,* Kholoud Arafat,1 An Gélaude,2 Mahmood Ahmed Al Sultan,1 Marc Bracke,2 Peter Collin,3 Takashi Takahashi,4 Thomas E. Adrian,5 and Olivier De Wever2

Srikumar P. Chellappan, Editor

1Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, U. A. E. University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates

2Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital, Gent, Belgium

3Coastside Bio Resources, Stonington, Maine, United States of America

4Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan

5Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, U. A. E. University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates

H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, United States of America

* E-mail: [e-mail]

Competing Interests: Peter Collin is director, laboratory manager, employee and stock-holder of Coastside Bio Resources, a Maine, USA Corporation. Thomas Adrian and Peter Collin are co-inventors of a United States patent describing Frondoside A and other sea cucumber glycosides as putative anti-cancer agents, and may benefit financially if Frondoside A becomes a drug for human cancers. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

彼得·科林是主任，实验室经理，员工和Coastside生物资源，缅因州，美国公司的股票持有人。托马斯Adrian和彼得·科林的共同发明人的美国专利描述Frondoside A等海参甙作为公认的抗癌药，并可能获得经济利益，如果Frondoside A成为一种药物用于人类癌症。这不会改变作者的坚持对共享数据和资料全部PLOS ONE政策。

Conceived and designed the experiments: SA ODW. Performed the experiments: SA KA AG MAAS TEA. Analyzed the data: SA MB TEA ODW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PC TT. Wrote the paper: SA ODW TEA MB TT.

 

Abstract

A major challenge for oncologists and pharmacologists is to develop less toxic drugs that will improve the survival of lung cancer patients. Frondoside A is a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa and was shown to be a highly safe compound. We investigated the impact of Frondoside A on survival, migration and invasion in vitro, and on tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis in vivo alone and in combination with cisplatin. Frondoside A caused concentration-dependent reduction in viability of LNM35, A549, NCI-H460-Luc2, MDA-MB-435, MCF-7, and HepG2 over 24 hours through a caspase 3/7-dependent cell death pathway. The IC50 concentrations (producing half-maximal inhibition) at 24 h were between 1.7 and 2.5 µM of Frondoside A. In addition, Frondoside A induced a time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis in vitro. Frondoside A (0.01 and 1 mg/kg/day i.p. for 25 days) significantly decreased the growth, the angiogenesis and lymph node metastasis of LNM35 tumor xenografts in athymic mice, without obvious toxic side-effects. Frondoside A (0.1–0.5 µM) also significantly prevented basal and bFGF induced angiogenesis in the CAM angiogenesis assay. Moreover, Frondoside A enhanced the inhibition of lung tumor growth induced by the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. These findings identify Frondoside A as a promising novel therapeutic agent for lung cancer.

[my note –

This is original research paper from a country called United Arab Emirates, published on PLOS One, a journal with JIF less than 3.5.  Two of the co-authors have declared competing/ conflicting interests, because they are US patent owners of Frondoside A.  Apparently, they could not or did not or choose to not to have the research work done in the United States, so there went international outsourcing.  IC50 between 1.7 and 2.5 microM? Not good enough in my opinion, way too high.  They found frondoside A to be anti-proliferative, antiangiogenic, anti-invasion and anti-migration, and also showed perfect tumor ‘regression’.  Just about the perfect anti-cancer agent. So my question is why, why didn’t you have the work done in the US? What are you guys shy about?

What does competing/ conflicting interest mean? It means s/he has financial interest in something that whatever s/he says cannot be regarded as neutral.

这是一个被称为阿联酋的国家原创性研究论文, PLOS One期刊影响因子?3.5。两位合作者宣布竞争/冲突的利益，因为他们是美国Frondoside A的专利所有者很显然，他们不能或没有或选择不具有在美国所做的研究工作，使国际里去了外包。非小细胞肺癌细胞 1.7和2.5微摩尔的IC50？不够的，在我看来。他们发现frondoside是抗增生，抗血管生成，抗侵袭和抗迁移，同时也表现出完美的肿瘤'回归'。几乎完美的抗癌药。所以我的问题是，为什么，为什么你没有在美国完成的工作？什么是你们避讳？

什么是竞争/冲突的利益是什么意思？这意味着他/她有经济利益的东西，无论他/她说不能算是中性。说穿了, 就是自己为自己叫卖, 基本靠不住.

Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012 Apr; 132(3): 1001–1008.

Frondoside A inhibits breast cancer metastasis and antagonizes prostaglandin E receptors EP4 and EP2 海参皂苷的抑制乳腺癌转移和拮抗前列腺素E受体EP4和EP2

Xinrong Ma, M.D.,1 Namita Kundu, Ph.D.,1,2 Peter D Collin, B.S.,3 Olga Goloubeva, Ph.D.,1,4 and Amy Fulton, PhD1,2,5,*

1University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD

2Department of Pathology, University of Maryland

3Coastside Bio Resources, Stonington, ME

4Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine

5Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD

* Corresponding author: Email: ude.dnalyramu@notlufa; Tel: [phone]; Fax:[phone]

Abstract

Frondoside A, derived from the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa has demonstrable anticancer activity in several models, however, the ability of Frondoside A to affect tumor metastasis has not been reported. Using a syngeneic murine model of metastatic breast cancer, we now show that Frondoside A has potent antimetastatic activity. Frondoside A given i.p. to mice bearing mammary gland implanted mammary tumors, inhibits spontaneous tumor metastasis to the lungs. The elevated Cyclooxygenase -2 activity in many malignancies promotes tumor growth and metastasis by producing high levels of PGE2 which acts on the prostaglandin E receptors, chiefly EP4 and EP2. We examined the ability of Frondoside A to modulate the functions of these EP receptors. We now show that Frondoside A antagonizes the prostaglandin E receptors EP2 and EP4. 3H-PGE2 binding to recombinant EP2 or EP4-expressing cells was inhibited by Frondoside A at low μM concentrations. Likewise, EP4 or EP2-linked activation of intracellular cAMP as well as EP4-mediated ERK1/2 activation were also inhibited by Frondoside A. Consistent with the antimetastatic activity observed in vivo, migration of tumor cells in vitro in response to EP4 or EP2 agonists was also inhibited by Frondoside A. These studies identify a new function for an agent with known antitumor activity, and show that the antimetastatic activity may be due in part to a novel mechanism of action. These studies add to the growing body of evidence that Frondoside A may be a promising new agent with potential to treat cancer and may also represent a potential new modality to antagonize EP4.

 

Keywords: Frondoside A, prostaglandin EP receptor, EP4, EP2, metastasis

[my note –

This is a small project done by a Chinese medical doctor by the name Ma xinrong at the University of Maryland.  S/he found frondoside A to have ‘potent antimetastatic activity’ when tested in breast cancer cells ‘at low μM concentrations’.  According to my understanding of how drug discovery works now days, you call inhibition at nM concentrations potent, not μM concentrations.  ‘May be a promising new agent with potential to treat cancer’ – well I don’t see anything promising. 

这是由名叫马鑫荣中国医师在马里兰大学所做的一个小项目。他/她发现frondoside一个有当在乳腺癌细胞中检测“有效的抗转移活性''在低μM浓度”。据我如何药物发现现在工作日内理解，你叫抑制在nanoM浓度的强效，不microM的浓度。 差1000倍呢. “可能是潜在的治疗癌症的有前途的新物” - 我看不出有什么前途。马鑫荣医师现在无公开档案, 在美国医界或学术界已消失.

]

 

Pancreas 2010 Jul;39(5):646-52

Anti-pancreatic cancer effects of a polar extract from the edible sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa. 从食用海参，Cucumaria frondosa的极性提取物的抗胰腺癌的效果。

Alexandra B Roginsky, Xian-Zhong Ding, Carl Woodward, Michael B Ujiki, Brahmchetna Singh, Richard H Bell, Peter Collin, Thomas E Adrian

Department of Surgery and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.

  

To investigate the effects and mechanism of Frondanol-A5P, a polar extract from Cucumaria frondosa, on growth inhibition and apoptosis in S2013 and AsPC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells.

The effects of Frondanol-A5P on proliferation, cell cycle, expression of cell cycle proteins and p21, phosphorylation of MAP kinases, annexin V binding, and caspase-3 activation were examined.

Frondanol-A5P inhibited proliferation and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in both cell lines with decreased expression of cyclin A, cyclin B, and cdc25c. Frondanol-A5P induced phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase and Janus kinase (SAPK/JAK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP) within 5 minutes. Frondanol-A5P markedly increased expression of p21 messenger RNA and protein at 3 hours in both cell lines. This effect was reduced by the p38 kinase inhibitor, SB203580. Frondanol-A5P markedly increased annexin V binding and activated caspase-3.

Frondanol-A5 causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells. These changes are associated with decreased expression of cyclin A, cyclin B, and cdc25c and increased expression of p21 that, at least in part, is mediated by a p38 kinase-dependent mechanism. Because Frondanol-A5P is derived from an edible, nontoxic, sea cucumber, it may be valuable for nutritional therapy or prevention of pancreatic cancer.

[my note –

The author Dr Alexandra B Roginsky, now Alexandra B Roginsky-Tsesis, MD, a surgeon, was working with a PhD researcher Thomas E Adrian at Northwestern University when she did this research on Frondanol-A5P.  Thomas E Adrian is a professor at U. A. E. University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates, and his name is mentioned in another paper in this same summary as to have competing interest in frondoside research as he is owner of some patent and investment.  So my guess is that he was working as a visiting professor at Northwestern University, and Dr Alexandra B Roginsky was his employee or collaborator.  This small lab work was testing the killing of pancreatic cancer cells using purified frondoside A (or as they called it Fraondanol-A5P in this paper).  Conclusion of their simple tests was ‘Frondanol-A5P is derived from an edible, nontoxic, sea cucumber, it may be valuable for nutritional therapy or prevention of pancreatic cancer.” Bravo, cancer prevention, yea, I agree, Dr. Roginsky-Tsesis.

A picture of Professor Thomas E. Adrian as seen on his Facebook page, seems a very nice guy with a beautiful wife  托马斯·阿德里安教授看在他的脸书页面上的图画，似乎是一个非常不错的家伙，一个美丽的妻子 - –

https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10202422501146907&set=a.1422524646192.2057000.1324991154&type=3&theater

Thomas E. Adrian updated his profile picture.

July 19, 2014 · 

 

 

 

作者 Dr亚历山德拉Roginsky，现在 Dr. 亚历山德拉Roginsky-Tsesis，外科医生，是研究员托马斯·Adrian博士学工作在西北大学做研究Frondanol-A5P时，她参加这样。托马斯·Adrian是在阿联酋大学，艾因，阿拉伯联合酋长国的教授，他的名字被提及的另一篇论文在这同一个总结为在frondoside研究竞争和冲突的兴趣，因为他是一些专利和投资业主。所以我的猜测是，他担任美国西北大学的客座教授，并 Dr. 亚历山德拉Roginsky是他的雇员或合作者。这个小实验工作是测试用纯化frondoside胰腺癌细胞的杀伤（或他们称之为Fraondanol-A5P本文）。结论的简单测试是“Frondanol-A5P是从可食，无毒，海参来源，它可能是营养治疗或预防胰腺癌的价值。”布拉沃，预防癌症，是的，我同意，Dr. Roginsky，Tsesis 。

 

 

J Med Food. 2008 Sep;11(3):443-53. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2007.0530.

Immunomodulatory properties of frondoside A, a major triterpene glycoside from the North Atlantic commercially harvested sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa.

Aminin DL1, Agafonova IG, Kalinin VI, Silchenko AS, Avilov SA, Stonik VA, Collin PD, Woodward C.

Author information

1Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.

Abstract

Frondoside A, a major triterpene glycoside from North Atlantic commercially harvested sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa, possesses strong immunomodulatory properties in subtoxic doses. Frondoside A stimulates lysosomal activity of mouse macrophages in vivo at a maximal effective stimulatory dose of 0.2 microg per mouse and is maintained over 10 days. This glycoside also shows a 30% stimulation of lysosomal activity in mouse macrophages in vitro at concentrations of 0.1-0.38 microg/mL. Frondoside A enhances macrophage phagocytosis of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus in vitro at a maximal effective concentration of 0.001 microg/mL. Frondoside A stimulates reactive oxygen species formation in macrophages in vitro at a maximal effective concentration of 0.001 microg/mL. Frondoside A stimulates an increase in the number of antibody plaque-forming cells (normally B-cells in spleen) in vivo with a maximal stimulatory effect at a concentration of 0.2 microg per mouse (stimulatory index, 1.86). Frondoside A has a weak effect upon immunoglobulin (Ig) M production after immunization with sheep erythrocytes in mice. Frondoside A does not stimulate Ig production in mice and does not significantly enhance the ovalbumin-stimulated IgM and IgG antibody levels in ovalbumin-immunized mice. Hence frondoside A is an immunostimulant of cell-based immunity including phagocytosis without a significant effect on amplification of humoral immune activity or adjuvant properties. Therefore, frondoside A may provide curative and/or preventive treatment options against diseases wherein a depleted immune status contributes to the pathological processes.

[my note-

The author Aminin DL is the same guy in another review paper mentioned above. He is a researcher in the Russian academy of science.  His claim in this paper is that sea cucumber extract frondoside A is an immunostimulant of cell-based immunity such as phagocytosis, so he postulated that using frontoside A maybe good for preventing diseases including cancer. 

笔者Aminin DL是同一个人在上面提到的另一个综述性论文。他是在科学的俄国学院的研究员。他在该文的主张是，海参提取物frondoside A是基于细胞的免疫力，如吞噬免疫刺激剂，因此他推测，使用frontoside用于预防疾病，包括癌症。也许不错。

]

My concluding remarks

OK, that’s just above all the data on sea cucumber extract Frondoside A out there in the public domain. What do I think? First of all, there is no ground breaking kind of research study on this natural compound. All the papers I could find are on 3^rd class journals with journal impact factor below 4. What are these journals for in the academic world? I’d say, these journals don’t usually reject too many submitted manuscripts, in other words, their standard is not that high, and they are really useful when people need quantity of research papers for academic or professional rank promotion.

The one common conclusion I can derive from above Russian, Arabian, Indian and Chinese researchers, is that sea cucumber extract frondoside A can kill or stump growth of cancer cells in laboratory, when used at microM concentration. 

Big deal, I’ll say.  At microM concentration, many compounds from many plants, animals, and microbes can kill many cancer cells. Unless, some genius can take this frondoside A, then modify and refine its chemical structure so that it can become at least 100 times more potent and still safe, I don’t see any meaningful cancer therapy agent coming from our beloved food sea cucumber.  I mean you can eat as much cucumber as you can and I agree it is a decent food and may even help you prevent diseases including cancer, but if you believe eating cucumber is going to shrink your tumor or cure your cancer, you are doomed, IMHO.

So why are people so excited at such an ordinary experiment finding?  I blame these people and things

• Media people: I saw a news clip on FOX news, some celebrity female news anchor interviewing some celebrity book author, making wild claim of sea cucumber for curing pancreatic cancer, bla bla.  Oh God, they know nothing what they are talking about.  My advice to them – hey, you guys looking pretty and handsome and very healthy, so just stay healthy and cancer free, no need for you to worry about other people’s cancer.
• Money people or money-driven people.  Imagine, if I have a US patent, what will I do? I want the world to know how good my invention is and then the smart wolves will invest big $ in me, right? But my guess is, that hasn’t happened yet, because nothing is promising in the frondoside A business, and I am sure Professor Adrian knows it.  It’s not potent enough. Or shall I say, it’s impotent!
• Fame or fame-addicted people.  You see, Northwestern University is a pretty good university in the US, and their cancer hospital (Northwestern Memorial Hospital) is ranked #16 just behind #15 University of Colorado Hospital.  Professor Adrian must also be a very smart guy. 
• Ignorant people, I have to say, we all are ignorant people, especially we cancer patients.

我的结语，

好吧，这只是上面海参的所有数据中提取Frondoside一个赫然出现在公共领域。我现在想什么？首先，没有突破性的一种研究性学习对这种自然化合物。所有的文件我能找到的关于三流期刊与期刊影响因子低于4.在学术界这些期刊的？我会说，这些期刊通常不会拒绝太多提交手稿，换句话说，他们的标准并不高，他们是真正有用的，当人们需要的研究论文数量为的学术或专业职级晋升的。

我可以从上面的俄罗斯，阿拉伯，印度和中国的研究人员得出一个共同的结论，是海参提取液frondoside A在微摩尔浓度使用时, 可以杀死或抑制实验室癌细胞的，增长。

大了不起，我会说。在微摩尔浓度，许多植物，动物和微生物许多化合物可以杀死很多癌细胞。除非，一些天才可以借此frondoside A，然后修改并完善其化学结构，使其能成为至少100倍更有效，仍然安全，我没有看到我们心爱的食物海参任何有意义的癌症治疗剂的到来。我的意思是，您可以和我同意这是一个体面的食物，甚至可以帮助你预防疾病，包括癌症，你可以吃多少海黄瓜，但如果你相信吃海黄瓜是要缩小你的肿瘤或治愈你的癌症，你注定扑空，恕我直言。

那么，为什么人们如此兴奋对这样一个很普通的实验发现？我责怪这些人与事

- 媒体人：我看到了福克斯新闻网的新闻片段，一名人的女新闻主播采访一名人书的作者，制作海参野生用于治疗胰腺癌，喇嘛喇嘛。哦，上帝，他们什么都不知道自己在说什么。我给他们的建议 - 嘿，你们这些家伙显得很帅气，非常健康，所以才保持健康和癌症免的，不需要你担心其他人的癌症。

- 钱的人或资金推动型的人。试想一下，如果我有一个美国专利，我该怎么办？我想让世界知道有多好，我的发明是再聪明的狼将投资大$对我，对吧？但我的猜测是，还没有发生的，因为没有什么是有前途的frondoside，我肯定阿德里安教授知道这一点。这不是有效的不够。或者我应该说，这是无能无力的东西！

- 成名或名气成瘾的人。你看，西北大学是美国一个非常好的大学，而他们的癌症医院（西北纪念医院）的排名是＃16仅落后＃15 科罗拉多大学医院。阿德里安教授还是一个非常聪明的家伙。

- 无知的人，我必须说，我们都是无知的人，特别是我们的癌症患者。

所有跟帖： 

• 对，我们都是无知的人， 一定要包括自己。 很多人都是觉得其他人是无知， 只有自己特厉害，这就不对了 -littlecat8- ♂ (123 bytes) () 12/22/2015 postreply 09:30:28

• 中国人不但容易被骗,还特别会转而骗人, 就这同一页上我都能发现至少2位, 尽管他/她们貌似无辜 -jaydad- ♂ (0 bytes) () 12/22/2015 postreply 09:40:21

• 谢分享。前两天看了一篇文章提到用精油治病的文章，主要是说frankincense. -newnewid888- ♀ (88 bytes) () 12/22/2015 postreply 10:02:05

• 这让我想起了很早以前我曾经工作过的一个公司. -花椒- ♀ (343 bytes) () 12/22/2015 postreply 10:29:47

• 关于冬虫夏草你怎么看？传说的很神奇 -north88- ♀ (0 bytes) () 12/22/2015 postreply 18:45:38

• China style exhorbitant placebo -jaydad- ♂ (0 bytes) () 12/22/2015 postreply 19:35:57

• 小时候吃过不少，不觉得怎么样！还吃过不少蛤蚧。 -Tiger666- ♂ (0 bytes) () 12/22/2015 postreply 23:09:09