Too many factors would affect how one advances in life ...
What you can see is that graduates of both schools having approx. the same average earning power - at out-of-school or at mid-career, etc. - even when Penn has the Ivy label.
In that regard, they are very similar schools. One would call the other as a peer 100%.
Penn is more pro-career style/culture. Duke is more well-rounded liberal arts - but still having very strong career support.
In terms of top graduate school feeder - Duke is actually markedly ahead of Penn (Data is old but still useful as a reference)
