好专业的sustainability
It all depends on the balance of demand and supply.
On the supply side:
1. The barrier to enter has to be sufficiently high, e.g., an MD required for medicine.
2. There must be some admission quota on training schools: EE/CS has a problem herein.
3. The importation of cheaper labor is controled: H1B can't bring foreign physicians into US. IMGs have to take the left-over match slots.
On the demand side:
1. It must be for a real necessity, such as food, shelter, energy, sickcare,... Or it serves the rich's wants.
2. It can't be met with offshored cheaper labor such as ER services.
Pls feel free to add more if you see fit.