Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)
这个wiki里摘录的两段
The idea to expel the Germans from the annexed territories was proposed by Winston Churchill, in conjunction with the Polish and Czechoslovak exile governments in London at least since 1942.
Between 1944 and 1948, millions of people, including ethnic Germans (Volksdeutsche) and German citizens (Reichsdeutsche), were permanently or temporarily moved from Central and Eastern Europe. By 1950, a total of approximately 12 million[5] Germans had fled or been expelled from east-central Europe into Allied-occupied Germany and Austria. The West German government put the total at 14.6 million,[6] including a million ethnic Germans who had settled in territories conquered by Nazi Germany during World War II, ethnic German migrants to Germany after 1950, and the children born to expelled parents. The largest numbers came from former eastern territories of Germany ceded to the People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union (about seven million),[7][8] and from Czechoslovakia (about three million).
关于华沙起义:
二战后，华沙 被德军占领。 1944年夏天，德军溃败，正当苏军要解放 华沙 的前夕，受 英国人支持的反抗组织在8月1日宣布整个 华沙 市民起义，其目的是要乘德军虚弱，苏军尚未攻进 华沙 之前，自己解放自己，不受苏联的控制。德军立刻镇压，为此西方只得寻求苏联的支持，要求苏联红军立刻帮助解放 华沙 。
苏联当然不会接受西方这一如意算盘，因为苏联早有自己的波兰解放军的代理人。 苏联宣布受英国支持的反抗组织是为了"出风头"，是"非法组织"，对正在遭受德军残酷镇压的波兰起义见死不救。苏联在华沙城外，就是按兵不动。
2个月后，起义完全遭到镇压。 2万起义人士伤亡，近20万波兰市民死于冲突。 因为巷战造成大部分建造毁坏，德军干脆把整个华沙都摧毁了。70万市民被迫驱离华沙 。
英国失信于波兰人多次，1939年德军吞并波兰时， 英国并没有按照事先的约定对德军采取军事行动。 1944年, 英国人指使波兰代理人草率的华沙起义，不但没有成功 ，反而让华沙遭受到了毁灭性的打击。 西方描述这一段的历史，只把责任推向了见死不救的苏联红军。华沙起义使得波兰又一次成为东西方争斗的牺牲品，非常壮烈。
下图是华沙起义失败后，华沙被摧毁的照片。
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