the effects of low-pressure hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment before and after maximal exercise on lactate concentration and heart rate and antioxidant capacity.
https://www.e-jer.org/journal/view.php?number=2013600610
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemical molecules formed due to the electron acceptability of O2. Examples of ROS include peroxides, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen,[3] and alpha-oxygen.
The reduction of molecular oxygen (O2) produces superoxide (•O−
2), which is the precursor of most other reactive oxygen species:[4]
- O2 + e− → •O−
2 - 活性氧类（英语：Reactive oxygen species，ROS），是生物有氧代谢过程中的一种副产品，包括氧离子、过氧化物和含氧自由基等。[1]这些粒子相当微小，由于存在未配对的自由电子，而十分活跃。过高的活性氧水平会对细胞和基因结构造成损坏。活性氧，为含氧的，具有化学活性的分子，包括氧离子（oxygen ion）及过氧化氢（peroxide）。因为核外的未配对电子的存在，具有很强的化学反应活性。ROS是正常氧代谢的副产物，并且在细胞信号传导，和保持机体恒常性起很大作用。然而，在时间以及外界环境影响下（例，暴露于紫外线(UV exposure)或热源(heat exposure)下等），ROS的量会急剧增多。引起这种改变的原因有可能是由于明显的细胞结构的损坏。这种显现，被称为氧化应激。ROS也可能由外界的因素生成，如致电离辐射。
- 通常，细胞都会通过酶（如，过氧化歧化酶superoxide dismutase等）的作用来减少ROS对细胞的损伤作用。某些小分子，如维生素C 维生素E，尿酸及谷胱甘肽也作为细胞抗氧化物质发挥着重要作用。与之相对，细胞外的抗氧化物质的作用小的多，在血浆中的最重要的抗氧化物质为 尿酸uric acid。
- -----------
- Hyperbaric oxygen treatment induces antioxidant gene expression
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20536847/
-
Antioxidant status in humans after exposure to hyperbaric oxygen
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment (i.e., exposure to 100% oxygen at a pressure of 2.5 atmosphere absolute (ATA) for a total of 3×20 min periods) of human subjects induced DNA damage in the alkaline comet assay with leukocytes and protected against the DNA damaging effects of subsequent in vivo HBO exposures. Furthermore, blood taken 24 h after the first HBO was well protected against the in vitro induction of genotoxic effects by hydrogen peroxide. To investigate the mechanisms which led to this apparent adaptive response, we determined the antioxidant status of blood from subjects before and after HBO. We did not find differences in the plasma concentrations of the antioxidant vitamins A, C and E after HBO treatment. HBO had also no effect on the `antioxidant power' of the plasma as measured with the FRAP-assay or on the concentration of reduced glutathione determined in the plasma or in lymphocytes. Red cell concentrate activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase were not influenced by HBO. In contrast, synthesis of the heat shock protein HSP70 which has been implicated to play an important role in cellular protection against oxidative stress, was significantly induced in lymphocytes after a single HBO treatment. To investigate whether intake of antioxidants may protect against HBO-induced DNA damage, we supplemented subjects with vitamin E (800 mg for 7 days) or with N-acetylcysteine (400 mg, 1 h before the HBO treatment). However, these supplementations did not influence the induction of DNA damage by HBO.
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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1383574299000344
