【美军5星上将 和6星上将】

 

Five Army and

four Navy officers received five stars

George C. Marshall,

Douglas MacArthur,

Dwight D. Eisenhower,

Henry H. Arnold, ---- 陆军上将，后改为空军上将。

Omar Bradley,

William D. Leahy,

Ernest J. King,

Chester Nimitz, and

William F. Halsey).

所以，美军是9人10个五星上将。

 

Bradley was the last officer to receive the rank, in 1950.

The rank has lain dormant since then.

According to military regulations governing rank,

two Army officers achieved superior rank to that of five stars, 6 stars,

even though they never got that many. They were

George Washington 华盛顿 and John J. Pershing 潘兴.

 

=========

德威

George Dewey (December 26, 1837 – January 16, 1917) was Admiral of the Navy,

the only person in United States Navy history to have attained the rank.

       

右为 4-星 加 2 铁锚

March 24, 1903 (Retroactive to March 2, 1899)

George Dewey is the highest-ranking officer in the history of the United States Navy. He is the only person ever to hold this rank. Admiral of the Navy is equivalent to General of the Armies. General John J. Pershing, US Army, was promoted to General of the Armies in 1919, and Lieutenant General George Washington, US Army, was posthumously promoted on the Retired List of the US Army to the rank of General of the Armies of the United States, with an effective date of rank of 4 July 1976.

 

“On March 2, 1899, Congress approved the creation of the grade of Admiral of the Navy. On March 3, President McKinley transmitted to the Senate his nomination of George  Dewey for the new grade, which was approved the same day.”

 

潘兴

前排中 潘兴 WW I

General of the Armies John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing (September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948) 

“In 1919, by Congressional directive, the rank of General of the Armies was formally established and John J. Pershing became the first person to hold the rank.”

潘兴独有特有的 4颗金星徽章

----------------

 

 

6-星上将 徽章，仅仅是提议，实际上美国会从来没有决定

Proposed six-star rank from December 14, 1944.

(Congress never officially adopted the proposed six-star insignia for the General of the Armies rank.)

General of the Army was created as five-star rank by an Act of Congress on a temporary basis with the enactment of Public Law 78-482. The law creating the five-star rank stipulated that Pershing was to be considered senior to the five-star generals of World War II.

The United States Infantry Association's Infantry Journalof 1949 states 'Presumably a "General of the Armies" could wear six stars if he was so-minded'. 

Pershing's death before Congress decided whether to adopt the six-star insignia rendered the question moot.

美国实际上只曾有建议但没有真正实行 6-星上将军衔

"General of the Armies"  全美国军事力量统帅

是最高统帅

高于任何五星上将

-----------

 

 

华盛顿

“On March 13, 1978, George Washington was posthumously promoted to the full grade ofGeneral of the Armies of the United States, with effective date from July 4, 1976.

The promotion was authorized by a congressional joint resolution on January 19, 1976 which recommended Washington's promotion and further declared that no officer of the United States armed forces should ever outrank George Washington.”

国会宣布：美国任何军人的军衔不能高于华盛顿。

 

 

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The only equivalent six-star flag officers in U.S. military history and their chosen rank insignia

Admiral of the Navy
George Dewey

The rank of Admiral of the Navy was created for George Dewey in 1903, out of recognition for his victory at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish–American War, and the date of rank was made retroactive to 1899. In 1944, the U.S. Navy declared Dewey's rank to be senior to that of the newly created five-star rank of Fleet Admiral.

General of the Armies
John Pershing

The rank of General of the Armies had previously been granted, in 1919, to active-duty four-starGeneral John J. Pershing. As the five-star rank did not exist at that time, the concept of this being a six-star rank was moot. The markings used to identify Pershing's new ranking as higher than general was a bank of four gold (rather than silver) stars.

 

Not including George Washington

 

德威和潘兴打仗时，美军还没有5-星军衔， 只有40星

但是 此二人的 4星 高于任何其它4星

两个特制的4星，德威的加了2个铁锚， 潘兴的以金星代替那时4星的银星

 

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Highest-Ranking Officers in U.S. History

 

General and Commander-in-Chief1

General George Washinton.Source: Library of Congress.

• George Washington (1732–1799), b. Westmoreland County, Va., unanimously voted by Congress on June 15, 1775, to the rank of general and commander-in-chief (of the Continental army).

General of the Armies2

• John Joseph Pershing (1860–1948), b. Linn County, Mo., made permanent general of the armies, 1919.

General of the Army, General of the Air Force 
(Five-Stars)

• George Catlett Marshall (1880–1959), b. Uniontown, Pa., promoted Dec. 1944.
• Douglas MacArthur (1880–1964), b. Little Rock, Ark., promoted Dec. 1944.
• Dwight David Eisenhower (1890–1969), b. Denison, Tex., promoted Dec. 1944.
• Henry Harley Arnold (1886–1950), b. Gladwyne, Pa. Arnold had the unique distinction of being a five-star general twice—in 1944 as general of the army, and in June 1949 as general of the air force. He is the only air force general to have held the five-star rank.
• Omar Nelson Bradley (1893–1981), b. Clark, Mo., promoted Sept. 1950.

Admiral of the Navy

• George Dewey (1837–1917), b. Montpelier, Vt., promoted March 1899.

Fleet Admiral (Five-Stars)

• William Daniel Leahy (1875–1959), b. Hampton, Iowa, promoted Dec. 1944.
• Ernest Joseph King (1878–1956), b. Lorain, Ohio, promoted Dec. 1944.
• Chester William Nimitz (1885–1966), b. Fredericksburg, Tex., promoted Dec. 1944.
• William Frederick Halsey (1882–1959), b. Elizabeth, N.J., promoted Dec. 1945.

1. On March 15, 1978, George Washington was promoted posthumously to the rank of General of the Armies of the United States—which had been created in 1919—to make it clear that Washington was the army's senior general.

2. General Pershing was given the option of five stars but he declined. Source: Department of Defense and U.S. Army Historian, Research and Analysis Center.

 

 

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•	George Marshall	16 December 1944
•	Douglas MacArthur	18 December 1944
•	Dwight D. Eisenhower	20 December 1944
•	Henry H. Arnold	21 December 1944
•	Omar Bradley	22 September 1950

The timing of the first four of these appointments was coordinated with the following appointments of the U.S. Navy's first three five-star Fleet Admirals:

•	William D. Leahy	15 December 1944
•	Ernest J. King	17 December 1944
•	Chester W. Nimitz	19 December 1944

This was to establish both an order of seniority among the generals and a near-equivalence between the services. The final naval appointment of a five-star rank was that of

 William Halsey, Jr.    on 11 December 1945.

 

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Name		Date of Rank	Place of Burial
Adm. William D. Leahy		Dec. 15, 1944	Arlington National Cemetery
Gen. George C. Marshall		Dec. 16, 1944	Arlington National Cemetery
Adm. Ernest J. King		Dec. 17, 1944	Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md.
Gen. Douglas MacArthur		Dec. 18, 1944	Norfolk, Va.
Adm. Chester Nimitz		Dec. 19, 1944	Golden Gate, Calif.
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower		Dec. 20, 1944	Abilene, Kan.
Gen. Henry H. Arnold		Dec. 21, 1944	Arlington National Cemetery
Adm. William F. Halsey		Dec. 11, 1945	Arlington National Cemetery
Gen. Omar N. Bradley		Sept. 20, 1950	Arlington National Cemetery

五星将军始于 第二次世界大战中的 1944年。1950年 布莱德雷 是最后任命的一位五星上将，此后美军不再新任五星将军。

 

布莱德雷

 

US President Harry Truman pinning the five-star general insignia onto Omar Bradley's uniform,

22 Sep 1950 ww2dbase   

最后授予最后

最后 授予的一位 五星上将  布莱德雷

总统 杜鲁门 亲自为其 加星

是布莱德雷等将 麦克阿瑟 撵下台的

 

 

Chester Nimitz 尼米兹

 

William F. Halsey 豪尔希

 

 

 

 

。