[周末闲谈] 莎士比亚十四行诗第１８首

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莎翁很能搞啊，为一个年轻男人写了那么多首十四行诗。

过去读十四行诗译本，实在不明白它们好在哪里。看看著名的第18首(曹明伦翻译）：

我是否可以把你比喻成夏天？      Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?

虽然你比夏天更可爱更温和：      Thou art more lovely and more temperate:

狂风会使五月娇蕾红消香断，      Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,

夏天拥有的时日也转瞬即过；      And summer's lease hath all too short a date:

有时天空之巨眼目光太炽热，      Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,

它金灿灿的面色也常被遮暗；      And often is his gold complexion dimm'd,

而千芳万艳都终将凋零飘落，      And every fair from fair sometime declines,

被时运天道之更替剥尽红颜；      By chance, or nature's changing course untrimm'd:

但你永恒的夏天将没有止尽，      But thy eternal summer shall not fade,

你所拥有的美貌也不会消失，      Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,

死神终难夸口你游荡于死荫，      Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,

当你在不朽的诗中永葆盛时；      When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,

只要有人类生存，或人有眼睛，    So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,

我的诗就会流传并赋予你生命。   So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

十四行诗意义上可分三个小段（quatrain），加最后两句（couplet）作结。押韵规律是：abab cdcd efef gg。

曹明仁的翻译似乎尽量按照这个规律。但是没有区分平声和仄声。如原文 day和 May 押韵，但中文“天”和“断”却不是押韵的。

另外，莎翁的十四行诗每句都是10个音节（syllable)，分为5个音步（meter）。每个音步一个轻读音节一个重读音节构成抑扬格。中文翻译就没有体现出来。

比如： baBOOM / baBOOM / baBOOM / baBOOM / baBOOM.

Shall I / com PARE/ thee TO / a SUM / mer’s DAY?
Thou ART / more LOVE / ly AND / more TEM / per ATE (Sonnet 18)

不懂古英语？没关系。老美也不一定懂。以下是现代英语翻译：

Shall I compare you to a summer day?
You’re lovelier and milder.
Rough winds shake the pretty buds of May,
and summer doesn’t last nearly long enough.
Sometimes the sun shines too hot,
and often its golden face is darkened by clouds.
And everything beautiful stops being beautiful,
either by accident or simply in the course of nature.
But your eternal summer will never fade,
nor will you lose possession of your beauty,
nor shall death brag that you are wandering in the underworld,
once you’re captured in my eternal verses.
As long as men are alive and have eyes with which to see,
this poem will live and keep you alive.

顺便说一句，过去不知道莎翁的戏剧都是无韵诗剧，抑扬音步俱全，只是不押韵而已。你说牛不牛？

周末快乐！