The first JL-2 at-sea launch occurred in 2001 from a Type 031 submarine.[5][7] The program was delayed after a failed test in 2004.[5] Successful launches occurred in 2005 and 2008. The missile was successfully fired from a Type 094 submarine, the intended operational platform, for the first time in 2009.[5] A series of test launches occurred in 2012.[6][8] Another test launch occurred in January 2015.[9]
During the development of the missile, it was reported that China was considering modifying the missile to accommodate an anti-satellite warhead to give it a sea-based anti-satellite capability.[10]
According to latest source, 094 SSBN armed with JL-2 missiles began deterrent patrol in 2015.[1] The United States Department of Defense believes the missile will give the PLA Navy "its first credible sea-based nuclear deterrent."[11]
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