特别喜欢 <原罪的基因> 一书 | |
| Genetics of Orginal Sin - The impact of Natural Selection on the Future of Humanity | 原著Génétique du péché originel, |
| Christian de Duve (Nobel Laureate) with Neil Patterson | |
| Yale University Press 2010 | Editions Odile Jacob 2009 |
| 576.8 DED | |
| ISBN 978-0-300-16507-4 | ISBN 978-2-7381-2218-6 |
| 因为教会的创世论和达尔文的进化论有很多的争议, 我到图书馆找到了达尔文的原著和其他相关书籍来翻阅. | |
| <原罪的基因> 一书是我看到的最好的. 简明扼要, 经典之作. 不知道现在有没有中译本出来. 我很想推荐给广大的中文读者, 如果有愿意翻译/出版的就好了. 作者Christian de Duve是获得过诺奖的资深教授, 出版过多本著作. 这本书可能是他老人家(今年96岁)的最后一本. | |
| 克里斯汀·德·迪夫（Christian René de Duve，1917年10月2日－）是一位細胞學家與生物化學家，出生於英國，是比利時移民的後裔。1920年與家人一起回到比利時。 迪夫主要的研究領與在生物化學與細胞生物學，他發現了細胞中的一些胞器，包括過氧化體（peroxisome）、與溶體（lysosome）。1974年，由於對細胞構造的研究，而與阿爾伯特·克勞德（Albert Claude）及喬治·帕拉德（George Palade）共同獲得諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎。近年的研究則主要在於生命的起源，例如內共生學說 | |
| 著作 | |
| 1 A Guided Tour of the Living Cell (1984) ISBN 0-7167-5002-3 | |
| 2 Blueprint For a Cell: The Nature and Origin of Life (1991) ISBN 0-89278-410-5 | |
| 3 Vital Dust: Life As a Cosmic Imperative (1996) ISBN 0-465-09045-1 | |
| 4 Life Evolving: Molecules, Mind, and Meaning (2002) ISBN 0-19-515605-6 | |
| 5 Singularities: Landmarks on the Pathways of Life (2005) ISBN 978-0-521-84195-5 | |
| ============================================ | |
| 第一部分地球上生命的历史 | Part I The History of Life on Earth |
| 1。生命的统一源头 | 1. The Unity of Life |
| - 人类的知识进步彻底扫除了"人中心论" | - advancing knowledge has swept away centrisms |
| - 地球的历史 | - earth has a history |
| - 生命的历史 | - life also has a history |
| - 一切生物都有共同的属性 | - all living beings share a number of basis properties |
| - 生命的历史记录在分子序列中 | - the history of life is written into molecular sequences |
| - 生物进化是不争的事实 | - biological evolution is an established fact |
| - 用宗教理由来反对进化论的现象很普遍 | - opposition to evolution on religious grounds is widespread |
| 2。生命的起源 | 2. The Origin of Life |
| - 地球成为年轻的行星后不久,刚刚具备条件,生命便开始出现 | - life appeared on Earth shortly after the young planet has become phyically able to harbor it |
| - 生命的起源尚不清楚，但科学上可以接受的假设是，生命是自然产生的 | - The origin of life is not known, but the only scientifically acceptable hyposis is that it arose naturally |
| - 构成生命的积木块在整个宇宙太空中都是自发的产生的 | - The building blocks of life arise spontaneously throughout the universe |
| - 地球形成了一个"大锅"，宇宙太空中的生命积木块可能注入 | - Earth formed a "cauldron" in which cosmic building blocks could interact |
| - 生命的起源的第一步本质上是化学反应 | - the first steps in the origin of life were chemical in nature |
| - RNA的出现是生命起源过程中的一个关键步骤 | - the appearance of RNA was a key step in the origin of life |
| 3。生命的进化 | 3. The Evolution of Life |
| - 微生物留下的化石遗迹很少，但它们在地球上漫长岁月的存在有很多其他痕迹 | - Microbes have left few fossile vestiges but many other traces of their long duration on Earth |
| - 细菌分为两大类 | - Bacteria separated into two main groups |
| - 大气氧的出现，对地球生命的发展是一个重大的贡献 | - Atmospheric oxygen was a major contribution of life to Earth |
| - 真核细胞的诞生，开创了新的生物世界 | - The birth of eukaryotic cells inaugurated a new living world |
| - 内共生Endosymbosis是真核生物的发展中一个关键的现象 | - Endosymbosis was a key phenomenon in the development of eukaryotes |
| - 原生生物是单细胞的最终冠军 | - Protists are the ultimate champions of unicellularity |
| - 多细胞构成分工不同的多细胞协作 | - Multicellularity allowed division of labor |
| - 植物是第一个从水中发展到陆地上的多细胞生物 | - Born in water, plants were the first multicellular organisms to invade land |
| - 动物的进化来源于消化道功能的演变 | - The evolution of animals developed around the alimentary function |
| - 海洋无脊椎动物开创了动物的生命 | - Marine invertebrates inaugurated animal life |
| - 身体分段为脊椎动物的形成开辟了道路 | - Body segementation opened the way to vertebrates |
| - 有几个不同的动物谱系从水生到陆地 | - Several distinct animal lineages moved from water to land |
| - 恐龙引发了鸟类和哺乳动物的出现 | - Dinosaurs gave rise to birds and mammals |
| 第二部分的生命机制 | Part II The Mechanisms of Life |
| 4。代谢 | 4. Metabolism |
| - 活细胞就是一个化工厂 | - living cells are chemial factories |
| - 活细胞从周围的环境中提取能量 | - living cells extract the energy they need from their surroundings |
| - 代谢反应需要数以千计的各种催化剂参与 | - thousands of specific catalysts are involved in metabolic reactions |
| - 各种代谢途径形成了极其复杂的网络 | - metabolic pathways form networks of enormous complexity |
| - 我们实际上是由催化剂决定的 | - we are what our catalysts are |
| - 新陈代谢的历史可以追溯到生命的最早期 | - the history of metabolism goes back to the earliest days of life |
| 5。生殖 | 5. Reproduction |
| - 生殖源于分子复制 | - reproduction started with molecular replication |
| - 因为有了细胞，生物繁殖的分子复制过程需要添加细胞分裂 | - with the appearance of cells, cell division was added to molecular replication in biological reproduction |
| - 多细胞生物的单性繁殖 | - multicellular beings reproduce by way of single mother cells |
| - 多细胞生物的两性繁殖 | - the mother cell of multicellular beings arises from two parental cells by sexual reproduction |
| - 两性繁殖所造成的染色体加倍问题通过减数分裂形成成熟的配子来解决 | - chromosome doubling caused by sexual reproduction is corrected by meiosis during gamete maturation |
| - 两性繁殖就是进化实验室 | - sexual reproduction is the laboratory of evolution |
| - 雄性和雌性配子的不同 | - male and female gametes differ |
| - 植物繁殖通过孢子 | - plant reproduction involves spores |
| - 种子存放在果实里，直到发芽，从受精卵开始的植物的胚胎 | - seeds and fruits harbor, until germination, the plant embryos issued from fertilized eggs |
| - 真菌也通过孢子繁殖 | - fungi also reproduce by way of spores |
| - 在动物中，双亲可以行走移动, 有利于精子和卵细胞之间的联盟 | - in animals, parent mobility favors union between spermatozoa and oocytes |
| - 脊椎动物的受精卵无一不是在水性介质中发育 | - the fertilized egg of vertebrates has always developed in an aqueous medium |
| 6。发育 | 6. Development |
| - 胚胎发育的最早记录是描述性的 | - the first accounts of embryological development were purely descriptive |
| - 实验胚胎学开始破解各种发育机制 | - experimental embryology began to decipher developmental mechanisms |
| - 发育是有规则的,由转录基因控制 | - development is ruled by transcriptional gene control |
| - 各种基因由转录基因组织形成一个由主基因主导的层次结构 | - genes are organized by transcription into a hierarchy dominated by master gene |
| - 同源异型基因是至关重要的主基因 | - homeotic genes are master genes of central importance |
| - 进化和发育是紧密联系的 | - evolution and development are intimately linked |
| 7。自然选择 | 7. Natural Selection |
| - 从遗传开始 | - at the start lies heredity |
| - 利用遗传缺陷达到特定目的 | - artificial selection exploits the imperfection of heredity for defined purposes |
| - Maltus提出的“生存竞争” | - Maltus introduced the notion of the "struggle for life" |
| - 自然选择通过“生存竞争”被动的从五花八门的遗传缺陷中挑选出合适的 | - Natural selection lets the "struggle for life" choose passively among the diversity created by the imperfections of heredity |
| - 自然选择就发生在我们自己的眼下 | - natural selection acts under our own eyes |
| - 受到自然选择的基因突变是偶然事件，没有终极目的 | - the mutations subjected to natural selection are accidental events devoid of finality |
| - 机会在进化过程中的作用受限于严格的约束 | - the role of chance in evolution is limited by strigent constraints |
| - 优化选择比长久以来人们认为的更频繁 | - cases of optimizing selection are more frequent than long believed |
| - 进化主要是由环境条件塑造的 | - evolution is largely molded by environmental conditions |
| - 某些的进化事件可能仍存在在基因组中,并且可能在有利的环境条件下显现 | - certain evolutionary events could be potentially present in genomes and made manifest by favorable environmental conditions |
| 8。其他进化机制 | 8. Other Evolutionary Mechanisms |
| - 拉马克主张获得的特点可以遗传 | - Lamark advocated the heredity of acquired characters |
| - DNA不是拉马克遗传的载体 | - DNA cannot be a vector of Lamarckian heredity |
| - 拉马克遗传的案例不涉及DNA的存在 | - cases of Lamarckian heredity that do not involve DNA exist |
| - 遗传漂变（genetic drift）伴随着没有选择性的进化 | - genetic drift accompanies evolution without selection |
| - 自组织理论上可以促成进化事件 | - self-organization could theorectically drive evolutionary events |
| - 进化的关键步骤是“智能设计”导致的吗？ | - were some key evolutionary steps guided by "intelligent design"? |
| 第三部分 人类的冒险 | Part III The Human Adventure |
| 9。人类的诞生 | 9. The Emergence of Humans |
| - 非洲是人类的摇篮 | - Africa is the cradle of humankind |
| - 他们还不是人类，但他们已经做出了石制工具 | - they were not yet human, but they already made stone tools |
| - 前人类大约二百万年前第一次开始走出非洲 | - prehumans started out of Africa for the first time some two million years ago |
| - 第二次走出非洲的迁移浪潮再次开始 | - a second wave of migrations started once again out of Africa |
| - 获得语言是成为人类的至关重要的一步 | - the acquisition of language was a crucial step in hominization |
| - 克罗马农开创现代人类 | - Cro-Magnon inaugurated modern humans |
| - 尼安德特人发生了什么事？ | - what happened to the Neanderthals? |
| - 现代人类仍然是离开出生地冒险的唯一的幸运儿 | - modern humans remain the only survivors from the adventure out of which they were born |
| 10。人类大脑的形成 | 10. Making the Human Brain |
| - 大脑由神经元构成 | - the brain is constructed with neurons |
| - 大脑皮层是形成意识的神秘之地 | - the cerebral cortex is the mysterious site of conscience |
| - 动物的大脑花了6亿年的时间才达到，黑猩猩的21.4立方英寸体积 | - it took six hundred million years for the animal brain to reach, in chimpanzees, a volume of 21.4 cubic inches |
| - 人类的大脑用了两到三百万年的时间,脑容量扩大到82.4立方英寸 | - in the human line, it took two to three million years for the brain volume to expand from 21.4 to 82.4 cubic inches |
| - 人类的大脑扩大经历了多个停滞期 | - the expansion of the human brain went through a number of successive plateaus |
| 11。塑造我们的基因 | 11. Shaping Our Genes |
| - 人类化竟然从少数几个灵长动物开始 | - hominization involved an astonishingly small number of individuals |
| - 人类化可能开始于两足行走，有利于当地的地形 | - hominization probably started with bipedalism, which was selectively advantageous in the local terrain |
| - 人类化第二阶段以脑扩张为主 | - brain expansion dominated the second major stage of hominization |
| - 人类化第三阶段是以迁移来适应变幻莫测的环境 | - the vagaries of environmental change probably guided the migrations that characterized the third stage of hominization |
| - 人类化：偶然还是必然？一次到位还是分阶段？ | - hominization: chance or necessity? summit or stage? |
| 12。成功的代价 | 12. The cost of Success |
| - 人类利用他们的大脑的力量，已经超越一切限制遍布全球，并为自己的利益利用了地球上的大部分资源 | - taking advantage of the powers of their brains, humans have proliferated beyond all measure and exploited a major part of the planet's resources for their own benefit |
| - 人类的历史就是永恒的战争和冲突 | - the history of humanity is a perpetual succession of wars and conflicts |
| - 人类进化极度成功是以地球上的生活条件严重恶化为代价的 | - the inordinate evolutionary success of the human species has been acquired at the expense of a severe deterioration of living conditions on Earth |
| - 如果不改变方向，人类正在走向可怕的痛苦，如果没有自我灭绝 | - if it continues in the same direction, humankind is headed for frightful ordeals, if not its own extinction |
| 13。原罪 | 13. Original Sin |
| - 自然选择盲目地促成一切有助于个人的成功的优势积累 | - natural selection has indiscriminately privileged all the personal qualities that contribute to the immediate success of individuals |
| - 自然选择倾向于促成群体内部的凝聚和不同群体之间的敌意 | - natural selection has privileged traits favoring cohesion within groups and hostility among different groups |
| - 自然选择没有远见和智慧，为了长远利益牺牲眼前的利益 | - natural selection has not privileged the foresight and wisdom needed for sacrificing immediate benefits for the sake of future |
| - 原罪就是自然选择写进人类基因的错误代码 | - orginal sin is none other than the fault written into human genes by natural selection |
| - 赎回遗传上的原罪只能依靠人类对抗自然选择的独特的能力 | - the only possibility of redemption from genetic orginal sin lies in the unique human ability to act against natural selection |
| Part IV The Challenges of the Future | |
| 14. Option 1: Do Nothing | |
| 15. Option 2: Improve Our Genes | |
| 16. Option 3: Rewire the Brain | |
| 17. Option 4: Call on Religious | |
| 18. Option 5: Protect the Environment | |
| 19. Option 6: Give Women a Chance | |
| 20. Option 7: Control Population | |
<原罪的基因> Genetics of Orginal Sin 有愿意翻译/出中译本的?
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