OK. 查了英文版的wiki，其定义远没有这么单纯

来源: viewfinder 于 2011-08-24 19:06:01 [档案] [博客] [旧帖] [给我悄悄话] 本文已被阅读：次 (2909 bytes)

回答: 形而上学，维基百科由 TBz 于 2011-08-24 18:03:47

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics、

Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world,^[1] although the term is not easily defined.

后面绕来绕去我也看不太懂，不过说了它有下面这些不同的风格和特点，

“Styles and methods of metaphysics

Rational versus empirical. Rationalism a method or a theory "in which the criterion of the truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive" (Bourke 263).Rationalist metaphysicians aim to deduce the nature of reality by armchair, apriori reasoning. Empiricism holds that the senses are the primary source of knowledge about the world.
Analytical versus systemic. The "system building" style of metaphysics attempts to answer all the important questions in a comprehensive and coherent way, providing a theory of everything or complete picture of the world. The contrasting approach is to deal with problems piecemeal.
Dogmatic versus critical. Under the scholastic approach of the Middle Ages, a number of themes and ideas were not open to be challenged. Kant and others thought this "dogmatism" should be replaced by a critical approach.
Individual versus collective. Scholasticism and Analytical philosophy are examples of collaborative approaches to philosophy. Many other philosophers expounded individual visions.
Parsimonious versus Adequate. Should a metaphysical system posit as little as possible, or as much as needed?
Descriptive versus revisionary. Peter Strawson makes the distinction between descriptive metaphysics, which sets out to investigate our deepest assumptions, and revisionary metaphysics, which sets out to improve or rectify them.”

感觉上黑格尔和马克思批判的是形而上学的某些特性（1）完全依靠逻辑而反实证和经验（Rational versus empirical）；（2）局部化（Analytical versus systemic）；（3）教条化（Dogmatic versus critical.）（4）个人化（Individual versus collective） （5）（6）看不懂。。。

我还是保持原来的观点，现代自然科学的分析方法和形而上学不能等同