所谓十年绿卡，就是解除婚姻绿卡上的两年条件。现在解除条件（I-751）大约要一年半到两年时间。
如果一个移民在等待I-751期间到达符合申请公民的条件（距离最初两年绿卡拿到时间是两年九个月，因为可以提前90天申请公民），这个移民可以申请公民。
两个申请将同时在USCIS等待批准，USCIS的政策是绿卡必须先于或者同时与公民申请批准。
https://www.uscis.gov/policymanual/HTML/PolicyManual-Volume12-PartG-Chapter5.html
2. Spouses with Pending Petitions and Naturalization Applications
An application for naturalization may not be approved if there is a pending petition for removal of conditions. If an applicant’s petition to remove conditions is pending at the time of filing or is filed prior to the interview, USCIS will adjudicate the petition to remove conditions prior to or concurrently with the adjudication of the naturalization application.
