By the 1780s there were about 40,000 to 50,000 Jews in France, chiefly centered in Bordeaux, Metz, and a few other cities. They had very limited rights and opportunities, apart from the money-lending business, but their status was not illegal.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_emancipation
犹太解放运动（英语：Jewish emancipation）是欧洲犹太人权利自18世纪起从外在和内在同时争取的这一进程。包括同等公民权利的认定，以及个人公民身份的授予等。成果来自于社区内的努力，使得得以整合进入社会而成为公民.
