汽车颜色的安全性差别——生死有命 安全在色
澳大利亚最大的汽车保险公司——NRMA公司的研究员就汽车颜色与交通事故发生频率之间的关系进行了一番研究，结果表明：撞车等交通事故的发生与汽车颜 色的显眼度有着密切的联系，深色以及容易与道路环境相混合的黑、金、绿、蓝等颜色的汽车发生交通事故的几率远高于明亮的嫩黄、米色、奶色和白色汽车。这是 为什么呢？
研究表明，在雾天、雨天或每天清晨、傍晚时分，黄色汽车和浅绿色汽车最容易被人发现，发现的距离比发现一般深色汽车要远3 倍左右。因此，浅淡且颜色鲜艳不仅使汽车外形轮廓看上去增大了，使汽车有较好的可视性，而且使反向开来的汽车驾驶员精神振奋，精力集中，因此，有利于行车 安全。
新西兰奥克兰大学的休•弗内斯(Sue Furness)教授在对1000多辆各色小汽车进行调研后发现，银白色是最佳选择，出车祸的几率最小，而且即使出事，司机受伤程度也相对较轻，在车祸中 遭受重伤的比率比开白色汽车的少50%。相比之下，开白、黄、灰、红、蓝车的司机受伤的几率大致相同，而黑、褐、绿车最容易发生交通事故，驾车人受伤的机 会是开白、黄、灰、红、蓝车的2倍。休•弗内斯说，银白色汽车为何比其他颜色汽车安全的原因目前还不得知，他们推测这可能与银白色对光线的反射率较高，易于识别有关。她建议提高银白色汽车上路行驶的比例，以减少交通事故。
汽车内饰的颜色选择对驾驶员的情绪具有一定的影响，也会影响行车安全。内饰采用明快的配色，能给人以宽敞、舒适的感觉。夏天最好采用冷色，冬天最好采用 暖色，这样可以调节冷暖感觉。另外，色彩的明度与纯度也会引起对色彩物理印象的错觉，一般来说，颜色的重量感主要取决于色彩的明度，暗色给人以重的感觉， 明色给人以轻的感觉。淡的亮色使人觉得柔软，暗的纯色则有强硬的感觉。恰当地使用色彩装饰可以减轻疲劳，减少交通事故的发生。
大陆汽车俱乐部与清华大学汽车碰撞试验室联合发布汽车颜色与安全性研究。研究表明，黑色的车最容易发生交通事故，白色的车则相对而言最安全。
通过对黑、白、银灰、蓝、绿五种颜色的车所做的测试表明，在清晨以及傍晚时段光线不好的情况下，黑色车辆最难被人眼识别，在此时段最易被识别的则是白色及银色车辆。
视认性白色好于银灰色，好于蓝色，好于绿色，好于黑色。而给人以跳跃、兴奋的红色，虽然容易引起人们的注意，却也容易引起视觉疲劳，相对的不利于行车安全。
主要从事车辆救援工作的大陆汽车俱乐部，根据公司2004年7月到2005年6月的统计数据，针对北京地区黎明和黄昏时期发生的5158起交通事故进行分析，得到各颜色车辆事故率及排名结果也显示：
浅色系车相对安全，深色系车事故发生率稍高。
据介绍，北京地区的驾驶员普遍存在一个习惯：在清晨和傍晚时段光线不好时，开车不打开前灯。而打开前灯是黑色车辆避免发生事故的最有效方法。
有关数据表明，在选择汽车颜色时，89％的人考虑的是个人喜好，只有3％的人考虑到安全因素。
加之我国汽车颜色与安全的研究刚刚起步，业内人士认为，短期来讲汽车的销量不会由于安全问题受到颜色的影响。
使红、黄、蓝、绿色的轿车与观察者保持等距离，在观察者看来，似乎红色和黄色轿车要近一些，而蓝色和绿色轿车要远一些。因此，红色和黄色称前进色，蓝色和绿色称后退色。前进色的视认性较好。
近来有研究表明，轿车行车安全性不仅受其操作安全视线等因素的影响，而且还受到车身颜色的能见度影响。心理学家认为，视认性好的颜色能见度佳，因此这类颜色用于轿车车身可以有效提高行车的安全性。颜色的可视认性主要与下列因素有关：
颜色的进退性。即所谓前进色和后退色。比如使红、黄、蓝、绿色轿车与观察者保持等距度，在观察者看来，似乎红色和黄色轿车要近一些，而蓝色和绿色轿车要远一些。因此红色和黄色称前进色，蓝色和绿色称后退色。前进色视认性较好。
颜色的胀缩性。将相同车身涂上不同的颜色，会产生体积大小不同的感觉。如黄色感觉大一些，有膨胀性，称膨胀色；蓝色和绿色感觉小一些，有收缩性，称收缩 色。膨胀色与收缩色视认效果不一样，据日本和美国车辆事故调查，发生事故的轿车中，蓝色和绿色的最多，黄色的最少，可见膨胀色的视认性较好。
颜色的明暗性。颜色在人们视觉中的亮度是不同的，可分为明色和暗色。红色和黄色为明色，视认性较好。暗色看起来会觉得小一些、远一些和模糊一些。
从安全角度考虑，轿车以视认性好的颜色为佳。有些视认性不太好的颜色，如果进行合理的搭配，也可提高其视认性。如蓝色和白色相配，效果就大为改善。
来自大陆汽车救援俱乐部与清华大学汽车碰撞试验室的研究结果表明，在天气晴好的条件下，浅色系的汽车颜色安全性高于深色系汽车。在黄昏、清晨光线不足的情况下，黑色汽车的事故率是白色汽车的3倍。
经过视觉主观评价、色差及灰度差和事故数据等的分析后，研究得出了进一步的结论：汽车的颜色关系到驾车的安全问题，颜色对汽车的可视性产生影响。通常情 况下，比较容易被人的眼睛所辨别的颜色更加容易引起道路上驾驶者以及行人的注意，相对不容易发生正面碰撞以及追尾等事故。
Is car safety color blind?
We’re not exactly a fashion blog, but we couldn’t help noticing the results of DuPont’s annual car color report highlighting color popularity around the globe.
In the United States and Canada, white/pearl stayed on top, but black edged out silver, which used to be the most popular color around the world. Those results combine passenger cars and commercial vehicles.
So it got us thinking...are any of those colors safer than the others?
It turns out that it’s not an easy question to answer, as there’s a rainbow of factors to consider.
One study of cars in Auckland, New Zealand, published in the British Medical Journal (free registration required) in 2003 says that “silver cars were about 50% less likely to be involved in a crash resulting in serious injury than white cars.” In a follow-up online discussion, the authors responded to some complaints about the validity of the study, given that it was done in a single location. “There is no snow in Auckland in winter, and snow may influence the visibility of silver cars, which may make a difference to the ‘safety’.” They also said, “We would expect that the lightness or darkness of the colour (i.e., how it would appear in a black and white photocopy) would be more important than the actual hue.”
A report from the AAA Foundation (PDF) in 2004 states that just because a color is more visible doesn’t necessarily mean it’s involved in fewer crashes. “The relationship between car color and safety is complex. Background color (trees, desert, etc.), weather conditions (rain, fog, snow), and daylight have a profound effect on conspicuity.”
And a 28 pager from the Monash University Accident Research Centre (PDF) in Victoria, Australia concluded that “Compared with white vehicles, a number of colours were associated with higher crash risk. These colours are generally those lower on the visibility index and include black, blue, grey, green, red and silver...The association between vehicle colour and crash risk was strongest during daylight hours where relative crash risks were higher for the colours listed compared to white by up to around 10%.”
We would add that even considering accident frequency by color doesn’t necessarily factor in demographics and driving behavior. Drivers of red cars may have different personalities than drivers of beige cars, for instance.
So, it would seem that you can let way more important factors govern your color decision, like how well the hue coordinates with your house when your car is parked in the driveway.
We’ve often wondered about all those silver and grey cars; don’t they blend right into the roads they’re driven on? And the forest green ones out in the countryside look a lot like, you know, the forest green of the countryside.
However, as we have seen in motorcycle studies, bright coloring (in that case, for jacket and helmet) can help one to stand out from the background and traffic. A bright colored car, one that contrasts with the surroundings, might be worth considering over a flat black or textured asphalt grey.
Although the most visible car would seem to be the safest, whichever car you’re driving, you are the biggest factor in getting safely from point A to point B.
So:
Be proactive: Turn your headlights on at dusk and dawn and when it’s foggy, raining, or snowing; keep a close watch on what the cars around you are doing; wear your seatbelt.
Check out our Guide to Car Safety for a rundown of safety features as well as safety resources and videos.
—Jonea Gurwitt
